Nursing 3000 Exam questions and
answers graded A+
Acute bronchitis - ANS✅✅an inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract, usually
caused by infection. It is one of the most common conditions seen in primary care.
Which disease usually occurs as a sequel to an upper respiratory tract infection? - ANS✅✅acute
bronchitis
The cause of most cases of ____ is viral (rhinovirus, influenza) - ANS✅✅acute bronchitis
pneumonia - ANS✅✅an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a microbial agent.
Which disease is more likely to result when defense mechanisms become incompetent or are
overwhelmed by the virulence or quantity of infectious agents? - ANS✅✅pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - ANS✅✅a lower respiratory tract infection of the lung
parenchyma with onset in the community or during the first two days of hospitalization.
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - ANS✅✅pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after
hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization
aspiration pneumonia - ANS✅✅sequelae occurring from abnormal entry of secretions or
substances into the lower airway.
What are the four characteristics of pneumonia - ANS✅✅congestion, red hepatization, grey
hepatization, and resolution
complications of pneumonia - ANS✅✅pleural effusion, abscess, and acute respiratory failure
Nursing management of pneumonia - ANS✅✅-identifying the patient at risk and taking measures
to prevent the development of pneumonia
- monitoring physical assessment parameters, facilitating laboratory and diagnostic tests, providing
treatment, and monitoring the patient's response to treatment
,- Treatment with antibiotics is necessary for bacterial pneumonia; all patients require supportive
measures.
Tuberculosis - ANS✅✅an infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis, a gram-positive, acid-fast
bacillus that is usually spread from person to person via airborne droplets
Most at-risk populations in canada for TB - ANS✅✅Indigenous and immigrant populations. TB
among Canadian-born Indigenous peoples is 31 times higher than the national average.
Complications of TB - ANS✅✅the spread of the disease with involvement of many organs
simultaneously (miliary or hematogenous TB), pleural effusion, empyema, and pneumonia.
Blunt trauma - ANS✅✅occurs when the body is struck by a blunt object. The external injury may
appear minor, but the impact may cause severe, life-threatening internal injuries, such as a ruptured
spleen.
penetrating trauma - ANS✅✅occurs when a foreign body impales or passes through the body
tissues
Pneumothorax - ANS✅✅the presence of air in the pleural space. As a result of the accumulation of
air, there is partial or complete collapse of the lung
closed pneumothorax - ANS✅✅has no associated external wound. The most common form is a
spontaneous pneumothorax, which is accumulation of air in the pleural space without an apparent
antecedent event. It is caused by the rupture of small blebs (air-filled alveolar dilations <1 cm in
diameter on the edge of the lung at the apex of the upper lobe or superior segment of the lower
lobe) on the visceral pleural space
open pneumothorax - ANS✅✅occurs when air enters the pleural space through an opening in the
chest wall. Examples include stab or gunshot wounds and surgical thoracotomy.
tension pneumothorax - ANS✅✅a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural
space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great
vessels. It may result from either an open or a closed pneumothorax
hemothorax - ANS✅✅an accumulation of blood in the intrapleural space. It is frequently found in
association with open pneumothorax and is then called a hemopneumothorax.
, chylothorax - ANS✅✅lymphatic fluid in the pleural space due to a leak in the thoracic duct. Causes
include trauma, surgical procedures, and malignancy.
pleural effusion - ANS✅✅a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is not a disease but rather a
sign of a serious disease.
What is frequently classified as transudative or exudative according to whether the protein content
of the effusion is low or high, respectively? - ANS✅✅pleural effusion
transudative pleural effusion - ANS✅✅occurs primarily in noninflammatory conditions and is an
accumulation of protein-poor, cell-poor fluid.
Exudative pleural effusion - ANS✅✅an accumulation of fluid and cells in an area of inflammation
empyema - ANS✅✅a pleural effusion that contains pus.
The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Upon assessment, the
nurse notes a temperature of 38.6°C (101.5°F), a productive cough with yellow sputum, and a
respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate
based upon this assessment?
a. Hyperthermia related to infectious illness
b. Ineffective thermoregulation related to chilling
c. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia
d. Ineffective airway clearance related to thick secretions - ANS✅✅a. hyperthermia related to
infectious illness
Which of the following physical assessment findings in a client with a lower respiratory problem best
supports the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance?
a. Basilar crackles
b. Respiratory rate of 28
c. Oxygen saturation of 85%
d. Presence of greenish sputum - ANS✅✅a. basilar crackles
answers graded A+
Acute bronchitis - ANS✅✅an inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract, usually
caused by infection. It is one of the most common conditions seen in primary care.
Which disease usually occurs as a sequel to an upper respiratory tract infection? - ANS✅✅acute
bronchitis
The cause of most cases of ____ is viral (rhinovirus, influenza) - ANS✅✅acute bronchitis
pneumonia - ANS✅✅an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a microbial agent.
Which disease is more likely to result when defense mechanisms become incompetent or are
overwhelmed by the virulence or quantity of infectious agents? - ANS✅✅pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - ANS✅✅a lower respiratory tract infection of the lung
parenchyma with onset in the community or during the first two days of hospitalization.
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - ANS✅✅pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after
hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization
aspiration pneumonia - ANS✅✅sequelae occurring from abnormal entry of secretions or
substances into the lower airway.
What are the four characteristics of pneumonia - ANS✅✅congestion, red hepatization, grey
hepatization, and resolution
complications of pneumonia - ANS✅✅pleural effusion, abscess, and acute respiratory failure
Nursing management of pneumonia - ANS✅✅-identifying the patient at risk and taking measures
to prevent the development of pneumonia
- monitoring physical assessment parameters, facilitating laboratory and diagnostic tests, providing
treatment, and monitoring the patient's response to treatment
,- Treatment with antibiotics is necessary for bacterial pneumonia; all patients require supportive
measures.
Tuberculosis - ANS✅✅an infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis, a gram-positive, acid-fast
bacillus that is usually spread from person to person via airborne droplets
Most at-risk populations in canada for TB - ANS✅✅Indigenous and immigrant populations. TB
among Canadian-born Indigenous peoples is 31 times higher than the national average.
Complications of TB - ANS✅✅the spread of the disease with involvement of many organs
simultaneously (miliary or hematogenous TB), pleural effusion, empyema, and pneumonia.
Blunt trauma - ANS✅✅occurs when the body is struck by a blunt object. The external injury may
appear minor, but the impact may cause severe, life-threatening internal injuries, such as a ruptured
spleen.
penetrating trauma - ANS✅✅occurs when a foreign body impales or passes through the body
tissues
Pneumothorax - ANS✅✅the presence of air in the pleural space. As a result of the accumulation of
air, there is partial or complete collapse of the lung
closed pneumothorax - ANS✅✅has no associated external wound. The most common form is a
spontaneous pneumothorax, which is accumulation of air in the pleural space without an apparent
antecedent event. It is caused by the rupture of small blebs (air-filled alveolar dilations <1 cm in
diameter on the edge of the lung at the apex of the upper lobe or superior segment of the lower
lobe) on the visceral pleural space
open pneumothorax - ANS✅✅occurs when air enters the pleural space through an opening in the
chest wall. Examples include stab or gunshot wounds and surgical thoracotomy.
tension pneumothorax - ANS✅✅a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural
space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great
vessels. It may result from either an open or a closed pneumothorax
hemothorax - ANS✅✅an accumulation of blood in the intrapleural space. It is frequently found in
association with open pneumothorax and is then called a hemopneumothorax.
, chylothorax - ANS✅✅lymphatic fluid in the pleural space due to a leak in the thoracic duct. Causes
include trauma, surgical procedures, and malignancy.
pleural effusion - ANS✅✅a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is not a disease but rather a
sign of a serious disease.
What is frequently classified as transudative or exudative according to whether the protein content
of the effusion is low or high, respectively? - ANS✅✅pleural effusion
transudative pleural effusion - ANS✅✅occurs primarily in noninflammatory conditions and is an
accumulation of protein-poor, cell-poor fluid.
Exudative pleural effusion - ANS✅✅an accumulation of fluid and cells in an area of inflammation
empyema - ANS✅✅a pleural effusion that contains pus.
The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Upon assessment, the
nurse notes a temperature of 38.6°C (101.5°F), a productive cough with yellow sputum, and a
respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate
based upon this assessment?
a. Hyperthermia related to infectious illness
b. Ineffective thermoregulation related to chilling
c. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia
d. Ineffective airway clearance related to thick secretions - ANS✅✅a. hyperthermia related to
infectious illness
Which of the following physical assessment findings in a client with a lower respiratory problem best
supports the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance?
a. Basilar crackles
b. Respiratory rate of 28
c. Oxygen saturation of 85%
d. Presence of greenish sputum - ANS✅✅a. basilar crackles
