PKSC 4400 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Corrugated Characteristics Advantages - Answers ● Strong but lightweight
● Long fibers resist tear or puncture
● Flutes provides some cushioning
Corrugated Characteristics Disadvantages - Answers Mechanical Properties decrease● Gains or
loses moisture easily
● As moisture rises board expands
● Board "creeps" - loses stacking strength over time
Corrugated is made of - Answers -Made up of flat linerboards and corrugated medium bonded
together by adhesives.
-Can be made from virgin or recycled fibers
Adhesives for corrugated generally - Answers starch based
Because corrugated is made from wood - Answers a natural material, there is considerable
variability in fiberboard, as much as ±8% in strength from the same lot of material
Paper for packaging is specified by - Answers weight (lbs/msf) also known as basis weight
(msf = thousand square feet)
The term kraft is used to designate - Answers paper made principally (at least 75%) from virgin
fiber - Predominate use in linerboards or facings
Corrugated mediums are often comprised - Answers of high recycled content - up to 100%
Rigidity is mainly provided by the - Answers corrugated medium
A flute - Answers the best stacking strength for boxes stored in the top-to-bottom direction
(flutes vertical)
B flute - Answers is the best of the common flutes for flat crush resistance
Corrugated forms, called flutes, are available in three common types for shipping containers -
Answers ● A, B, and C
● Also E and F are used mainly for cartons NOT shippers
C flute - Answers has average strength for both needs and is the flute most frequently used
Stacking strength of flute material - Answers A > C > B
,single wall corrugated - Answers Used for light contents where some structural rigidity,
compression strength and puncture resistance are needed
double wall corrugated - Answers Used for heavier contents requiring a greater degree of
support
triple wall corrugated - Answers Used for the heaviest contents where maximum support and
structural rigidity is required
Box Closure Methods - Answers Adhesives
Tape
Preformed Staples
Stitching
Strapping
Adhesives - Answers Generally the most economical method of closure, particularly when used
with automated closure equipment
Cold Glues - Answers Dextrin Cold Glue
Resin Cold Glue
Dextrin Cold Glue - Answers least expensive, but require a long setting time
● Compression of flaps for 30 sec.
Resin Cold Glue - Answers are more expensive, but the setting time is less
● As little as 5 sec. with a spray application
hot melt adhesives - Answers the most expensive, but least amount of setting time and flap
coverage
Cold melt adhesive (opposed to holt melt) - Answers Cold glues tend to penetrate the linerboard
and form a more rigid closure
Tape - Answers ● Dustproof closure where no inner flap support is required
● Tampering is more easily detected
2 Main styles of tape - Answers Pressure sensitive (packing tape)
Gummed Paper Tapes
Pressure Sensitive Tape - Answers ● PET, PP, of PVC
, ● Commonly use on automated equipment
Gummed Paper Tape - Answers ● Plain or reinforced
● Commonly used with hand dispensing equipment
Preformed Staples - Box Closure - Answers ● Used when taping or glue is difficult or not
practical
Stitching - Box Closure - Answers ● Mostly used on design-style or rigid boxes
Strapping - Box Closure - Answers ● Mostly used in telescoping boxes
● Generally more expensive than other methods mentioned
Geometric Design - Answers - Collect space limitations
- Optimize product orientation and quantity
- Select container style
- Optimize package orientation and pallet pattern
- Optimize container load pattern for load efficiency
- Define load
IFB - Answers International Fibrebox Code
●Adopted by FEFCO (European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers )
Material Area - Answers 2 x (L+W) x (D+W)
Width = - Answers cubert | v / 4
FBA - Answers ■ Fibre Box Association (FBA)
- 90% Corrugated Packaging
Introduced CCF in - Answers 2000
FEFCO - Answers European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers
Recommended uniform footprint dimensions - Answers ■ Full size: 60 x 40 cm
■ Half Size: 40 x 30 cm
■ GMA pallet: - Answers 48 x 40 in
Metric pallet - Answers 1200 x 1000 in
Corrugated Characteristics Advantages - Answers ● Strong but lightweight
● Long fibers resist tear or puncture
● Flutes provides some cushioning
Corrugated Characteristics Disadvantages - Answers Mechanical Properties decrease● Gains or
loses moisture easily
● As moisture rises board expands
● Board "creeps" - loses stacking strength over time
Corrugated is made of - Answers -Made up of flat linerboards and corrugated medium bonded
together by adhesives.
-Can be made from virgin or recycled fibers
Adhesives for corrugated generally - Answers starch based
Because corrugated is made from wood - Answers a natural material, there is considerable
variability in fiberboard, as much as ±8% in strength from the same lot of material
Paper for packaging is specified by - Answers weight (lbs/msf) also known as basis weight
(msf = thousand square feet)
The term kraft is used to designate - Answers paper made principally (at least 75%) from virgin
fiber - Predominate use in linerboards or facings
Corrugated mediums are often comprised - Answers of high recycled content - up to 100%
Rigidity is mainly provided by the - Answers corrugated medium
A flute - Answers the best stacking strength for boxes stored in the top-to-bottom direction
(flutes vertical)
B flute - Answers is the best of the common flutes for flat crush resistance
Corrugated forms, called flutes, are available in three common types for shipping containers -
Answers ● A, B, and C
● Also E and F are used mainly for cartons NOT shippers
C flute - Answers has average strength for both needs and is the flute most frequently used
Stacking strength of flute material - Answers A > C > B
,single wall corrugated - Answers Used for light contents where some structural rigidity,
compression strength and puncture resistance are needed
double wall corrugated - Answers Used for heavier contents requiring a greater degree of
support
triple wall corrugated - Answers Used for the heaviest contents where maximum support and
structural rigidity is required
Box Closure Methods - Answers Adhesives
Tape
Preformed Staples
Stitching
Strapping
Adhesives - Answers Generally the most economical method of closure, particularly when used
with automated closure equipment
Cold Glues - Answers Dextrin Cold Glue
Resin Cold Glue
Dextrin Cold Glue - Answers least expensive, but require a long setting time
● Compression of flaps for 30 sec.
Resin Cold Glue - Answers are more expensive, but the setting time is less
● As little as 5 sec. with a spray application
hot melt adhesives - Answers the most expensive, but least amount of setting time and flap
coverage
Cold melt adhesive (opposed to holt melt) - Answers Cold glues tend to penetrate the linerboard
and form a more rigid closure
Tape - Answers ● Dustproof closure where no inner flap support is required
● Tampering is more easily detected
2 Main styles of tape - Answers Pressure sensitive (packing tape)
Gummed Paper Tapes
Pressure Sensitive Tape - Answers ● PET, PP, of PVC
, ● Commonly use on automated equipment
Gummed Paper Tape - Answers ● Plain or reinforced
● Commonly used with hand dispensing equipment
Preformed Staples - Box Closure - Answers ● Used when taping or glue is difficult or not
practical
Stitching - Box Closure - Answers ● Mostly used on design-style or rigid boxes
Strapping - Box Closure - Answers ● Mostly used in telescoping boxes
● Generally more expensive than other methods mentioned
Geometric Design - Answers - Collect space limitations
- Optimize product orientation and quantity
- Select container style
- Optimize package orientation and pallet pattern
- Optimize container load pattern for load efficiency
- Define load
IFB - Answers International Fibrebox Code
●Adopted by FEFCO (European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers )
Material Area - Answers 2 x (L+W) x (D+W)
Width = - Answers cubert | v / 4
FBA - Answers ■ Fibre Box Association (FBA)
- 90% Corrugated Packaging
Introduced CCF in - Answers 2000
FEFCO - Answers European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers
Recommended uniform footprint dimensions - Answers ■ Full size: 60 x 40 cm
■ Half Size: 40 x 30 cm
■ GMA pallet: - Answers 48 x 40 in
Metric pallet - Answers 1200 x 1000 in
