PKSC 4400 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
TAPPI - Answers Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
ASTM - Answers American Society for Testing and Materials
ISTA - Answers International safety transit association
EFFDH - Answers Equivalent Free Fall Drop Height
RH - Answers relative humidity
Development/Engineering testing - Answers Tests to determine adequacy of protection against
hazards during the development of a package design
Performance testing - Answers combination of tests that are designed to best represent the
distribution environment
List reasons why testing in the lab might be important - Answers controlled environment (isolate
a specific hazard or intensity level)
repeatable (compare multiple packages and products equally)
watch package and product pass/fail (determine over packaging or how to redesign, verify
design of protective packaging, shipping containers, and systems)
Examples of engineering/development testing - Answers determination of a critical drop height
with a drop tester, compression testing a sample to failure, water vapor transmission testing,
seal strength testing, natural frequency determination
Examples of a performance/distribution testing - Answers ISTA 2A: atmospheric testing,
compression, vibration, shock; determine pass/fail
the 3 types of simulation testing - Answers Integrity test, general simulation test, and forced
simulation test
Which simulation test is the most involved and expensive - Answers Forced simulation because
you have to first ship the current package and attach an accelerometer to the truck, gather the
data, turn the data into inputs for the machine and then test the product-package system at the
levels from the data gathered.
Under ASTM D4169, it is required that an assurance level be determined. The choices of
assurance levels are Level I, Level II, or Level III. If I have a very expensive product, which of
these assurance levels would I be most likely to select? - Answers Assurance level 1
What are the two simulation standards with ASTM - Answers D4169 and D7386
What is the one hazard that all packaged products will encounter? - Answers Vibration
, Is ASTM D999 (repetitive shock) a performance or engineering test or both - Answers
Performance
What kind of motion is Method A1? - Answers Vertical
What kind of motion is Method A2 - Answers Rotary
Are rotary and vertical motion equivalent? Why? - Answers ASTM says they are equivalent but
the dynamics can differ, especially with liquids
What is the objective of a resonance test? - Answers Find/determine critical frequencies of
critical components
ASTM D4728 what does it tell us? - Answers only tells us how to set up, not for how long or how
intense
ASTM D4728 Method A - Answers Closed loop: most commonly used, allows user to monitor
table motion to ensure it is meeting the standards; feeling shower and adjusting
ASTM D4728 Method B - Answers Open loop: best to use representative field data; knowing
where to set shower and letting it go
Mechanical vibration table - Answers won't do random vibration
Servo-hydraulic vibration table - Answers most common
3-300Hz
larger tables have lower frequency ranges
stroke is 6+ inches
Electro-dynamic vibration table - Answers large speaker
5-2000Hz
stroke 2-3in
good for high frequency product testing
In some of the examples, we have performed vibration testing based on power spectral
density vibration data we have collected and have covered the entire frequency range
but have not observed any damage like the damage that our customer has described.
The power spectral density is provided below. What could be one reason, based on this
plot, that we did not see the damage when only performing vibration testing? - Answers Since
TAPPI - Answers Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
ASTM - Answers American Society for Testing and Materials
ISTA - Answers International safety transit association
EFFDH - Answers Equivalent Free Fall Drop Height
RH - Answers relative humidity
Development/Engineering testing - Answers Tests to determine adequacy of protection against
hazards during the development of a package design
Performance testing - Answers combination of tests that are designed to best represent the
distribution environment
List reasons why testing in the lab might be important - Answers controlled environment (isolate
a specific hazard or intensity level)
repeatable (compare multiple packages and products equally)
watch package and product pass/fail (determine over packaging or how to redesign, verify
design of protective packaging, shipping containers, and systems)
Examples of engineering/development testing - Answers determination of a critical drop height
with a drop tester, compression testing a sample to failure, water vapor transmission testing,
seal strength testing, natural frequency determination
Examples of a performance/distribution testing - Answers ISTA 2A: atmospheric testing,
compression, vibration, shock; determine pass/fail
the 3 types of simulation testing - Answers Integrity test, general simulation test, and forced
simulation test
Which simulation test is the most involved and expensive - Answers Forced simulation because
you have to first ship the current package and attach an accelerometer to the truck, gather the
data, turn the data into inputs for the machine and then test the product-package system at the
levels from the data gathered.
Under ASTM D4169, it is required that an assurance level be determined. The choices of
assurance levels are Level I, Level II, or Level III. If I have a very expensive product, which of
these assurance levels would I be most likely to select? - Answers Assurance level 1
What are the two simulation standards with ASTM - Answers D4169 and D7386
What is the one hazard that all packaged products will encounter? - Answers Vibration
, Is ASTM D999 (repetitive shock) a performance or engineering test or both - Answers
Performance
What kind of motion is Method A1? - Answers Vertical
What kind of motion is Method A2 - Answers Rotary
Are rotary and vertical motion equivalent? Why? - Answers ASTM says they are equivalent but
the dynamics can differ, especially with liquids
What is the objective of a resonance test? - Answers Find/determine critical frequencies of
critical components
ASTM D4728 what does it tell us? - Answers only tells us how to set up, not for how long or how
intense
ASTM D4728 Method A - Answers Closed loop: most commonly used, allows user to monitor
table motion to ensure it is meeting the standards; feeling shower and adjusting
ASTM D4728 Method B - Answers Open loop: best to use representative field data; knowing
where to set shower and letting it go
Mechanical vibration table - Answers won't do random vibration
Servo-hydraulic vibration table - Answers most common
3-300Hz
larger tables have lower frequency ranges
stroke is 6+ inches
Electro-dynamic vibration table - Answers large speaker
5-2000Hz
stroke 2-3in
good for high frequency product testing
In some of the examples, we have performed vibration testing based on power spectral
density vibration data we have collected and have covered the entire frequency range
but have not observed any damage like the damage that our customer has described.
The power spectral density is provided below. What could be one reason, based on this
plot, that we did not see the damage when only performing vibration testing? - Answers Since
