Psychology 1000 exam test
questions and answers graded A+
What happened to H.M. - ANS✅✅had most of his hippocampus and surrounding brain tissue
removed
What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory? - ANS✅✅assumes memory is a multistage
process in which information flows along 3 separate and interacting memory stores
sensory memory - ANS✅✅A type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or
less.
Sperling (1960) - ANS✅✅letter gird to test sensory memory
ichonic memory - ANS✅✅visual memory - less than a second
echoic memory - ANS✅✅auditory memory - roughly 5 seconds
change blindness - ANS✅✅when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene
short-term memory - ANS✅✅activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the
information is stored or forgotten
short term memory capacity - ANS✅✅7 +/- 2
long-term memory - ANS✅✅the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory
system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
serial position effect - ANS✅✅our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
primary effect - ANS✅✅tendency to recall the first terms of list
,recency effect - ANS✅✅tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
proactive interference - ANS✅✅first information learned occupies memory resources, leaving
fewer resources to remember later, incoming information
retroactive interference - ANS✅✅the most recently learned information overshadows some older
memories that have not yet made it into long-term memory
Working Memory Model - ANS✅✅An explanation of the memory used when working on a task.
Each store is qualitatively different.
phonological loop - ANS✅✅auditory storage
visuospatial sketchpad - ANS✅✅store of mental images and special information
episodic buffer - ANS✅✅combines images and sounds into a coherent story-like episode
central executive - ANS✅✅the control center of working memory; it coordinates attention and the
exchange of information among the three storage components
declarative memory - ANS✅✅It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts
and events.
episodic memories - ANS✅✅memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which
they occurred
semantic memories - ANS✅✅memories that contain factual knowledge
nondeclarative memory - ANS✅✅actions or behaviors that you can remember and perform
without awareness
procedural memories - ANS✅✅motor memory for patterns of muscle movement
, Lashley (1950) - ANS✅✅After removing part of rat's brains they were still able to remember parts
of a maze
long-term potentiation - ANS✅✅the enduring increase in connectivity and transmission of neural
signals between neutrons that fire together
Consolidation - ANS✅✅converting a short-term memory into a long-term memory
cellular consolidation - ANS✅✅when presynaptic cell is more likely to stimulate a specific
postsynaptic cell due to repeated firing
retrograde amnesia - ANS✅✅an inability to retrieve information from one's past
anterograde amnesia - ANS✅✅the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store
into the long-term store
memory encoding - ANS✅✅the process of transforming sensory and perceptual information into
memory traces
memory retrieval - ANS✅✅the process of accessing and bringing into consciousness information
stored in memory
maintenance rehearsal - ANS✅✅rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in
memory (not optimal)
elaborative rehearsal - ANS✅✅A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of
the term to be remembered, as opposed to simply repeating the word to yourself over and over.
structural level of processing - ANS✅✅a level that encodes the physical features of the relevant
stimulus
semantic level of processing - ANS✅✅a level that extracts the meaning of the word
Phonemic level of processing - ANS✅✅deeper
questions and answers graded A+
What happened to H.M. - ANS✅✅had most of his hippocampus and surrounding brain tissue
removed
What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory? - ANS✅✅assumes memory is a multistage
process in which information flows along 3 separate and interacting memory stores
sensory memory - ANS✅✅A type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or
less.
Sperling (1960) - ANS✅✅letter gird to test sensory memory
ichonic memory - ANS✅✅visual memory - less than a second
echoic memory - ANS✅✅auditory memory - roughly 5 seconds
change blindness - ANS✅✅when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene
short-term memory - ANS✅✅activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the
information is stored or forgotten
short term memory capacity - ANS✅✅7 +/- 2
long-term memory - ANS✅✅the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory
system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
serial position effect - ANS✅✅our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
primary effect - ANS✅✅tendency to recall the first terms of list
,recency effect - ANS✅✅tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
proactive interference - ANS✅✅first information learned occupies memory resources, leaving
fewer resources to remember later, incoming information
retroactive interference - ANS✅✅the most recently learned information overshadows some older
memories that have not yet made it into long-term memory
Working Memory Model - ANS✅✅An explanation of the memory used when working on a task.
Each store is qualitatively different.
phonological loop - ANS✅✅auditory storage
visuospatial sketchpad - ANS✅✅store of mental images and special information
episodic buffer - ANS✅✅combines images and sounds into a coherent story-like episode
central executive - ANS✅✅the control center of working memory; it coordinates attention and the
exchange of information among the three storage components
declarative memory - ANS✅✅It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts
and events.
episodic memories - ANS✅✅memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which
they occurred
semantic memories - ANS✅✅memories that contain factual knowledge
nondeclarative memory - ANS✅✅actions or behaviors that you can remember and perform
without awareness
procedural memories - ANS✅✅motor memory for patterns of muscle movement
, Lashley (1950) - ANS✅✅After removing part of rat's brains they were still able to remember parts
of a maze
long-term potentiation - ANS✅✅the enduring increase in connectivity and transmission of neural
signals between neutrons that fire together
Consolidation - ANS✅✅converting a short-term memory into a long-term memory
cellular consolidation - ANS✅✅when presynaptic cell is more likely to stimulate a specific
postsynaptic cell due to repeated firing
retrograde amnesia - ANS✅✅an inability to retrieve information from one's past
anterograde amnesia - ANS✅✅the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store
into the long-term store
memory encoding - ANS✅✅the process of transforming sensory and perceptual information into
memory traces
memory retrieval - ANS✅✅the process of accessing and bringing into consciousness information
stored in memory
maintenance rehearsal - ANS✅✅rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in
memory (not optimal)
elaborative rehearsal - ANS✅✅A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of
the term to be remembered, as opposed to simply repeating the word to yourself over and over.
structural level of processing - ANS✅✅a level that encodes the physical features of the relevant
stimulus
semantic level of processing - ANS✅✅a level that extracts the meaning of the word
Phonemic level of processing - ANS✅✅deeper
