Psychology 1000 Exam queries and
answers graded A+
Cognition - ANS✅✅mental activities and processes associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating information.
Prototypes - ANS✅✅mental images of the best example of a concept.
Trial and Error - ANS✅✅trying various possible solutions, and if that fails, trying others.
Algorithm - ANS✅✅a step by step strategy for solving a problem, methodically leading to a specific
solution
Heuristic - ANS✅✅a short-cut, step-saving thinking strategy or principle which generates a
solution quickly (but possibly in error).
Insight - ANS✅✅a sudden realization, a leap forward in thinking, that leads to a solution.
Confirmation bias - ANS✅✅our tendency to search for information which confirms our current
theory, disregarding contradictory evidence.
Fixation - ANS✅✅The tendency to get stuck in one way of thinking; an inability to see a problem
from a new perspective.
Availability Heuristic - ANS✅✅estimating the likelihood of an event based on how much it stands
out in our mind (how much it's available as a mental reference).
Belief perseverance - ANS✅✅the tendency to hold onto our beliefs when facing contrary
evidence.
Framing - ANS✅✅the focus, emphasis, or perspective that affects our judgments and decisions.
Convergent thinking - ANS✅✅a left-brain activity involving zeroing in on a single correct answer.
, Divergent Thinking - ANS✅✅Ability to generate new ideas, new actions, and multiple options and
answers
Phonemes - ANS✅✅the smallest units of sound (vowels and consonants).
Morphemes - ANS✅✅the units of meaning (i.e. words and meaningful parts of words such as
suffixes, prefixes).
Grammar - ANS✅✅the rules for using words, including semantics, definitions, connotations, and
syntax (how the order of words makes meaning).
0-4 months
In fantis
("not speaking") - ANS✅✅Receptive language: associating sounds with facial movements, and
recognizing when sounds are broken into words
4 months - ANS✅✅Productive language: babbling in multilingual sounds and gestures
10 months - ANS✅✅Babbling sounds more like the parents'/household's language
12 months - ANS✅✅One-word stage: understanding and beginning to say many nouns
18-24 months - ANS✅✅Two-word, "telegraphic"/tweet speech: adding verbs, and making
sentences but missing words ("See bird! Ree book? Go park!")
24+ months, 2+ years - ANS✅✅Speaking full sentences and understanding complex sentences
Aphasia - ANS✅✅an impairment in the ability to produce or understand language, usually caused
by damage to the brain
Broca's aphasia - ANS✅✅left frontal lobe, difficulty in putting words together in sentences or even
speaking single words, although a person can understand and even sing a song.
answers graded A+
Cognition - ANS✅✅mental activities and processes associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating information.
Prototypes - ANS✅✅mental images of the best example of a concept.
Trial and Error - ANS✅✅trying various possible solutions, and if that fails, trying others.
Algorithm - ANS✅✅a step by step strategy for solving a problem, methodically leading to a specific
solution
Heuristic - ANS✅✅a short-cut, step-saving thinking strategy or principle which generates a
solution quickly (but possibly in error).
Insight - ANS✅✅a sudden realization, a leap forward in thinking, that leads to a solution.
Confirmation bias - ANS✅✅our tendency to search for information which confirms our current
theory, disregarding contradictory evidence.
Fixation - ANS✅✅The tendency to get stuck in one way of thinking; an inability to see a problem
from a new perspective.
Availability Heuristic - ANS✅✅estimating the likelihood of an event based on how much it stands
out in our mind (how much it's available as a mental reference).
Belief perseverance - ANS✅✅the tendency to hold onto our beliefs when facing contrary
evidence.
Framing - ANS✅✅the focus, emphasis, or perspective that affects our judgments and decisions.
Convergent thinking - ANS✅✅a left-brain activity involving zeroing in on a single correct answer.
, Divergent Thinking - ANS✅✅Ability to generate new ideas, new actions, and multiple options and
answers
Phonemes - ANS✅✅the smallest units of sound (vowels and consonants).
Morphemes - ANS✅✅the units of meaning (i.e. words and meaningful parts of words such as
suffixes, prefixes).
Grammar - ANS✅✅the rules for using words, including semantics, definitions, connotations, and
syntax (how the order of words makes meaning).
0-4 months
In fantis
("not speaking") - ANS✅✅Receptive language: associating sounds with facial movements, and
recognizing when sounds are broken into words
4 months - ANS✅✅Productive language: babbling in multilingual sounds and gestures
10 months - ANS✅✅Babbling sounds more like the parents'/household's language
12 months - ANS✅✅One-word stage: understanding and beginning to say many nouns
18-24 months - ANS✅✅Two-word, "telegraphic"/tweet speech: adding verbs, and making
sentences but missing words ("See bird! Ree book? Go park!")
24+ months, 2+ years - ANS✅✅Speaking full sentences and understanding complex sentences
Aphasia - ANS✅✅an impairment in the ability to produce or understand language, usually caused
by damage to the brain
Broca's aphasia - ANS✅✅left frontal lobe, difficulty in putting words together in sentences or even
speaking single words, although a person can understand and even sing a song.
