ADVANCED MED-SURG
PRINCIPLES JERSEY COLLEGE
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis?
ANSWER - - hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H ions
are shifted into the ell to raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and enters the
bloodstream)
Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function? ANSWER
- - potassium
Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation? ANSWER - -
calcium
Ch 13: What affects threshold potential? ANSWER - - calcium
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come? ANSWER - - hypercalcemia
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany? ANSWER - -
hypocalcemia
,Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects neuromuscular
function and produces vasodilation? ANSWER - - magnesium
Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less irritable
which could result in an ileus? ANSWER - - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG changes
(such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval and QRS
duration)? ANSWER - - hyperkalemia
Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves and ST
depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus, tachydysrhythmias (premature
ventricular contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and
U waves? ANSWER - - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with? ANSWER - - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
- tachycardia
- HTN
Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia? ANSWER - - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
,- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)? ANSWER - - tetany
Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia? ANSWER - - constant
headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
- abdominal cramps
Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane? ANSWER - -
hyponatremia
Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment?
ANSWER - - hyponatremia
, Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal (diuretics,
adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary systems (ascites, burns,
peripheral edema)? ANSWER - - sodium
Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia? ANSWER - - there is a reduction in
intravascular volume so BP decreases
Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with fluid overload?
ANSWER - - restrict fluids
Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia? ANSWER - - LOC
- vital signs
- I's & O's
- weight
Ch 13: What can sever hyponatremia result in? ANSWER - - seizures
- coma
- respiratory arrest
Ch 13: What increases serum osmolality and pulls water out of the cells? ANSWER -
- hypernatremia
Ch 13: What puts a pt at risk for hypernatremia? ANSWER - - excessive sodium
intake
- excessive sodium retention
PRINCIPLES JERSEY COLLEGE
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis?
ANSWER - - hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H ions
are shifted into the ell to raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and enters the
bloodstream)
Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function? ANSWER
- - potassium
Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation? ANSWER - -
calcium
Ch 13: What affects threshold potential? ANSWER - - calcium
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come? ANSWER - - hypercalcemia
Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany? ANSWER - -
hypocalcemia
,Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects neuromuscular
function and produces vasodilation? ANSWER - - magnesium
Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less irritable
which could result in an ileus? ANSWER - - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG changes
(such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval and QRS
duration)? ANSWER - - hyperkalemia
Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves and ST
depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus, tachydysrhythmias (premature
ventricular contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and
U waves? ANSWER - - hypokalemia
Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with? ANSWER - - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
- tachycardia
- HTN
Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia? ANSWER - - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
,- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)? ANSWER - - tetany
Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia? ANSWER - - constant
headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
- abdominal cramps
Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane? ANSWER - -
hyponatremia
Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment?
ANSWER - - hyponatremia
, Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal (diuretics,
adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary systems (ascites, burns,
peripheral edema)? ANSWER - - sodium
Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia? ANSWER - - there is a reduction in
intravascular volume so BP decreases
Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with fluid overload?
ANSWER - - restrict fluids
Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia? ANSWER - - LOC
- vital signs
- I's & O's
- weight
Ch 13: What can sever hyponatremia result in? ANSWER - - seizures
- coma
- respiratory arrest
Ch 13: What increases serum osmolality and pulls water out of the cells? ANSWER -
- hypernatremia
Ch 13: What puts a pt at risk for hypernatremia? ANSWER - - excessive sodium
intake
- excessive sodium retention
