Human Development: A Life-Span View
UV
– 8th Edition
TEST BANK
IA
_A
PP
Robert V. Kail, John C. Cavanaugh
RO
Complete Test Bank for Instructors and Students
VE
© Robert V. Kail, John C. Cavanaugh
D?
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
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©Medexcellence ✅��
, Chapter 1
The Science of Child Development
UV
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.1 Viewing infants as tabula rasas suggests that
a. infants will develop naturally unless the environment interferes.
b. experience will mold infants into unique individuals.
c. nature is more important than nurture.
IA
d. infants are born with a sense of morality.
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: b Page ref: 4 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Locke’s tabula rasa is the idea that infants are blank slates on which experience writes.
_A
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
1.2 The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that
a. experience molds each person into a unique individual.
b. children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold.
c. heredity plays a major role in an individual’s development.
PP
d. infants cannot think because their minds are blank.
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: a Page ref: 4 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Locke’s tabula rasa is the idea that infants are blank slates on which experience writes.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
RO
1.3 If parents believe that children are tabula rasas at birth, they are likely to
a. leave their children alone so their virtuous natures can unfold.
b. be very permissive with their children.
c. assume that nothing they do will have any influence on their children’s development.
d. plan their children’s experiences from the moment of their birth.
VE
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: d Page ref: 4 Skill: Apply What You Know Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Locke believed that experience was important to development; therefore parents play an
important role in planning their children’s experiences.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
D?
1.4 The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau, believed that
a. the human infant is born a tabula rasa.
b. infants were born with an innate sense of justice and morality.
c. experience molds each human into a unique individual.
d. parents should teach their children rationality and self-control.
??
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: b Page ref: 4 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Rousseau believed that infants are born with an innate sense of justice and morality.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
??
1
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, 1.5 Heather believes her 12-month-old daughter will develop optimally if Heather gives her freedom to grow
naturally and does not try to shape her development. Heather’s beliefs about child rearing are most similar to
those of
a. Sigmund Freud. c. John Locke.
b. Erik Erikson. d. Jean Jacques Rousseau.
UV
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: d Page ref: 4 Skill: Apply What You Know Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Rousseau believed in a natural unfolding of a child’s innate sense of justice and morality, a
philosophy that formed the basis of the maturational theory.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
IA
1.6 Detailed, systematic observations of individual children are referred to as
a. blank slates. c. mental tests.
b. baby biographies. d. critical periods.
Module: Setting the Stage
_A
Answer: b Page ref: 5 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Baby biographies are detailed, systematic observations of individual children. The
observations in the biographies were often subjective and the conclusions were sometimes reached on
the basis of minimal evidence.
LO2: How did the modern science of child development emerge?
PP
1.7 __________________ based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and was interested in
age-trends in children’s beliefs and feelings.
a. John Locke c. G. Stanley Hall
b. Jean Jacques Rousseau d. Alfred Binet
Module: Setting the Stage
RO
Answer: c Page ref: 5 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Hall generated theories based on evolutionary theory and conducted studies to determine age
trends in children’s beliefs and feelings about a range of topics.
LO2: How did the modern science of child development emerge?
1.8 __________________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development, particularly for
vulnerable children and families.
VE
a. Family policy
b. Applied developmental science
c. A quasi-experimental design
d. The Index of Social Health for Children and Youth (ISHCY)
Module: Setting the Stage
D?
Answer: b Page ref: 6 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: A new branch of child-development research has emerged that is known as applied
developmental science, which uses developmental research to promote healthy development.
LO3: How do child-development scientists use research findings to improve children’s lives?
1.9 An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development is referred to as a
??
a. theory. c. tabula rasa.
b. critical period. d. case history.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: a Page ref: 7 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
??
Rationale: Theories are organized sets of ideas that are designed to explain and make predictions about
development.
2
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, 1.10 The view that development is a result of the unfolding of a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within
the body is characteristic of
a. Konrad Lorenz’s ethological theory.
b. Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory.
c. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory.
UV
d. Arnold Gesell’s maturational theory.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: d Page ref: 8 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: This describes maturational theory, which was put forth by Gesell.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
IA
1.11 ___________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within
the body.
a. Psychodynamic c. Maturational
b. Ecological d. Cognitive developmental
_A
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: c Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: According to Gesell, maturational theory reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan
within the body.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
PP
1.12 Gesell’s maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of
a. Jean Jacques Rousseau. c. John Locke.
b. Erik Erikson. d. John Watson.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: a Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 3-Difficult
RO
Rationale: Rousseau believed in a natural unfolding of a child’s innate sense of justice and morality, a
perspective very much in keeping with maturational theory.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
1.13 Which of the following theories has a biological perspective?
a. Freud’s psychosexual theory c. Gesell’s maturational theory
b. Bandura’s social cognitive theory d. Erikson’s psychosocial theory
VE
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: c Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Maturational theory and ethological theory are the two theories with a biological perspective.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
D?
1.14 An evolutionary perspective is most closely associated with which of the following theories?
a. psychosocial c. maturational
b. psychodynamic d. ethological
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: d Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 1-Easy
??
Rationale: Ethological theory is based on Darwin’s theory of evolution.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
1.15 When a particular type of learning can take place only during a specific time period, not before or after that
period, there is a(n) ___________ for learning that behavior.
??
a. instinct c. blank slate
b. critical period d. emotional bond
3
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
UV
– 8th Edition
TEST BANK
IA
_A
PP
Robert V. Kail, John C. Cavanaugh
RO
Complete Test Bank for Instructors and Students
VE
© Robert V. Kail, John C. Cavanaugh
D?
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
??
??
©Medexcellence ✅��
, Chapter 1
The Science of Child Development
UV
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.1 Viewing infants as tabula rasas suggests that
a. infants will develop naturally unless the environment interferes.
b. experience will mold infants into unique individuals.
c. nature is more important than nurture.
IA
d. infants are born with a sense of morality.
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: b Page ref: 4 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Locke’s tabula rasa is the idea that infants are blank slates on which experience writes.
_A
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
1.2 The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that
a. experience molds each person into a unique individual.
b. children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold.
c. heredity plays a major role in an individual’s development.
PP
d. infants cannot think because their minds are blank.
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: a Page ref: 4 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Locke’s tabula rasa is the idea that infants are blank slates on which experience writes.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
RO
1.3 If parents believe that children are tabula rasas at birth, they are likely to
a. leave their children alone so their virtuous natures can unfold.
b. be very permissive with their children.
c. assume that nothing they do will have any influence on their children’s development.
d. plan their children’s experiences from the moment of their birth.
VE
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: d Page ref: 4 Skill: Apply What You Know Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Locke believed that experience was important to development; therefore parents play an
important role in planning their children’s experiences.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
D?
1.4 The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau, believed that
a. the human infant is born a tabula rasa.
b. infants were born with an innate sense of justice and morality.
c. experience molds each human into a unique individual.
d. parents should teach their children rationality and self-control.
??
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: b Page ref: 4 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Rousseau believed that infants are born with an innate sense of justice and morality.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
??
1
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, 1.5 Heather believes her 12-month-old daughter will develop optimally if Heather gives her freedom to grow
naturally and does not try to shape her development. Heather’s beliefs about child rearing are most similar to
those of
a. Sigmund Freud. c. John Locke.
b. Erik Erikson. d. Jean Jacques Rousseau.
UV
Module: Setting the Stage
Answer: d Page ref: 4 Skill: Apply What You Know Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Rousseau believed in a natural unfolding of a child’s innate sense of justice and morality, a
philosophy that formed the basis of the maturational theory.
LO1: What ideas did philosophers have about children and childhood?
IA
1.6 Detailed, systematic observations of individual children are referred to as
a. blank slates. c. mental tests.
b. baby biographies. d. critical periods.
Module: Setting the Stage
_A
Answer: b Page ref: 5 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Baby biographies are detailed, systematic observations of individual children. The
observations in the biographies were often subjective and the conclusions were sometimes reached on
the basis of minimal evidence.
LO2: How did the modern science of child development emerge?
PP
1.7 __________________ based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and was interested in
age-trends in children’s beliefs and feelings.
a. John Locke c. G. Stanley Hall
b. Jean Jacques Rousseau d. Alfred Binet
Module: Setting the Stage
RO
Answer: c Page ref: 5 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: Hall generated theories based on evolutionary theory and conducted studies to determine age
trends in children’s beliefs and feelings about a range of topics.
LO2: How did the modern science of child development emerge?
1.8 __________________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development, particularly for
vulnerable children and families.
VE
a. Family policy
b. Applied developmental science
c. A quasi-experimental design
d. The Index of Social Health for Children and Youth (ISHCY)
Module: Setting the Stage
D?
Answer: b Page ref: 6 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: A new branch of child-development research has emerged that is known as applied
developmental science, which uses developmental research to promote healthy development.
LO3: How do child-development scientists use research findings to improve children’s lives?
1.9 An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development is referred to as a
??
a. theory. c. tabula rasa.
b. critical period. d. case history.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: a Page ref: 7 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 1-Easy
??
Rationale: Theories are organized sets of ideas that are designed to explain and make predictions about
development.
2
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, 1.10 The view that development is a result of the unfolding of a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within
the body is characteristic of
a. Konrad Lorenz’s ethological theory.
b. Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory.
c. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory.
UV
d. Arnold Gesell’s maturational theory.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: d Page ref: 8 Skill: Remember the Facts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: This describes maturational theory, which was put forth by Gesell.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
IA
1.11 ___________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within
the body.
a. Psychodynamic c. Maturational
b. Ecological d. Cognitive developmental
_A
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: c Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 1-Easy
Rationale: According to Gesell, maturational theory reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan
within the body.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
PP
1.12 Gesell’s maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of
a. Jean Jacques Rousseau. c. John Locke.
b. Erik Erikson. d. John Watson.
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: a Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 3-Difficult
RO
Rationale: Rousseau believed in a natural unfolding of a child’s innate sense of justice and morality, a
perspective very much in keeping with maturational theory.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
1.13 Which of the following theories has a biological perspective?
a. Freud’s psychosexual theory c. Gesell’s maturational theory
b. Bandura’s social cognitive theory d. Erikson’s psychosocial theory
VE
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: c Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 2-Medium
Rationale: Maturational theory and ethological theory are the two theories with a biological perspective.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
D?
1.14 An evolutionary perspective is most closely associated with which of the following theories?
a. psychosocial c. maturational
b. psychodynamic d. ethological
Module: Foundational Theories of Child Development
Answer: d Page ref: 8 Skill: Understand the Concepts Level: 1-Easy
??
Rationale: Ethological theory is based on Darwin’s theory of evolution.
LO4: What are the major tenets of the biological perspective?
1.15 When a particular type of learning can take place only during a specific time period, not before or after that
period, there is a(n) ___________ for learning that behavior.
??
a. instinct c. blank slate
b. critical period d. emotional bond
3
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
