EXAM 1 NR 325 ADULT HEALTH II EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. What are some subjective questions to ask a patient with diabetes?
(6): 1. Any excess/increased thirst?
2. Any excess/increased urination?
3. Any excessive hunger?
4. Any intolerance to heat/cold?
5. Any excess sweating?
6. Any recent weight gain or loss?
2. What are some diagnostic values to evaluate for a diabetic patient?:
Potassium, Glucose, Sodium, hA1c, thyroid studies, serum osmolality
3. What are some physical exam findings to assess in a diabetic
patient?: body temperature, height and weight, alertness and emotional state, skin changes, hair
changes, blood pressure and heart rate, extremity edema, thyroid
4. What is hypoglycemia? S/sx: A blood glucose below 70 plus the following s/sx:
"Cold and clammy? Need some candy!"
HANGRY, irritable, shaky, mental confusion, diaphoresis, palpitations, headache, lack of on, blurred
coordinati seizure, coma, tachycardia vision,
5. What is the treatment for hypoglycemia in a conscious patient who
can
swallow safely?: Give 15-20 g of readily absorbable carbohydrate (4-6 ox of juice/drink, glucose
tablet, 6-10 hard candies, 1tbsp honey).
-10g of glucose will increase blood glucose by 40mg/dL over 30 minutes
-Recheck blood glucose 15 minutes following intervention, retreat if symptoms persist or glucose is still
below 70
6. What is the treatment for hypoglycemia in an unconscious patient?:
-Place the patient in a lateral position to prevent aspiration
-Administer glucagon subQ or IM or IV D50 and notify the provider
-Repeat in 10 minutes if they are still unconscious, continue to treat until glucose is above 70
7. What is hyperglycemia? What are some of the causes? S/sx?: Excess
blood glucose, fasting glucose >110
-Stress, illness, intake, steroids, lack of antidiabetic medications
-Polyuria, polyuria, polyphagia
8. What is the treatment for hyperglycemia?: administer insulin, encourage sugar
, EXAM 1 NR 325 ADULT HEALTH II EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
free drinks to prevent dehydration, reduce carb intake, test urine for ketones, consult provider if
manifestations persist
, EXAM 1 NR 325 ADULT HEALTH II EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is the Somogyi effect?: high dose of insulin causes hypoglycemia night (around
during the AM), leading to rebound glucose release (release of 2-4
glucagon) and hyperglycemia
--How to prevent: Eat a 15g carb snack before bed and/or reduce insulin
dosage hormones
cortisol
What is the Dawn phenomenon?: hyperglycemia upon awakening due
to the and growth hormone
--Treatment:
11. How can increase
you tellinsulin dosage/adjust
if morning administration
hyperglycemia is causedtime by Dawn
phenomenon or Somogyi effect?: Take blood sugar between 2-4 am and monitor for
symptoms of hypoglycemia
12. What is a fasting blood glucose?: - Preferred diagnostic test
- Patient fasts for at least 8 hours
13. What is an oral glucose tolerance test?: Test to determine if a patient has
gestational diabetes
14. What is a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): -Evaluates the average blood
glucose for 120 days
-Non-diabetic range: 4-6%
-Diabetic range: 6.5-8% with a targeted goal of <7%
15. What do urine ketones indicate?: -Ketones build up in the blood due to the
breakdown of fatty acids when insulin is not available
-High ketones = DKA = Medical emergency
16. What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes? (two findings on
separate days of at least one of the following):
**Type 1 vs Type 2?: -Manifestation of diabetes plus random blood glucose of greater than 20
mg/dL
-Fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dL (no caloric intake within 8hr of testing)
-2-hour glucose greater than 200 mg/dL with oral glucose tolerance test (pregnany women)
-Glycosylate hemoglobin a1c greater than 6.5%
**Type 1 Diabetes has the presence of antibodies
17. What are the risk factors for type I diabetes?: -genetic
predisposition combined with immunologic and possibly environmental (viral) factors
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. What are some subjective questions to ask a patient with diabetes?
(6): 1. Any excess/increased thirst?
2. Any excess/increased urination?
3. Any excessive hunger?
4. Any intolerance to heat/cold?
5. Any excess sweating?
6. Any recent weight gain or loss?
2. What are some diagnostic values to evaluate for a diabetic patient?:
Potassium, Glucose, Sodium, hA1c, thyroid studies, serum osmolality
3. What are some physical exam findings to assess in a diabetic
patient?: body temperature, height and weight, alertness and emotional state, skin changes, hair
changes, blood pressure and heart rate, extremity edema, thyroid
4. What is hypoglycemia? S/sx: A blood glucose below 70 plus the following s/sx:
"Cold and clammy? Need some candy!"
HANGRY, irritable, shaky, mental confusion, diaphoresis, palpitations, headache, lack of on, blurred
coordinati seizure, coma, tachycardia vision,
5. What is the treatment for hypoglycemia in a conscious patient who
can
swallow safely?: Give 15-20 g of readily absorbable carbohydrate (4-6 ox of juice/drink, glucose
tablet, 6-10 hard candies, 1tbsp honey).
-10g of glucose will increase blood glucose by 40mg/dL over 30 minutes
-Recheck blood glucose 15 minutes following intervention, retreat if symptoms persist or glucose is still
below 70
6. What is the treatment for hypoglycemia in an unconscious patient?:
-Place the patient in a lateral position to prevent aspiration
-Administer glucagon subQ or IM or IV D50 and notify the provider
-Repeat in 10 minutes if they are still unconscious, continue to treat until glucose is above 70
7. What is hyperglycemia? What are some of the causes? S/sx?: Excess
blood glucose, fasting glucose >110
-Stress, illness, intake, steroids, lack of antidiabetic medications
-Polyuria, polyuria, polyphagia
8. What is the treatment for hyperglycemia?: administer insulin, encourage sugar
, EXAM 1 NR 325 ADULT HEALTH II EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
free drinks to prevent dehydration, reduce carb intake, test urine for ketones, consult provider if
manifestations persist
, EXAM 1 NR 325 ADULT HEALTH II EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is the Somogyi effect?: high dose of insulin causes hypoglycemia night (around
during the AM), leading to rebound glucose release (release of 2-4
glucagon) and hyperglycemia
--How to prevent: Eat a 15g carb snack before bed and/or reduce insulin
dosage hormones
cortisol
What is the Dawn phenomenon?: hyperglycemia upon awakening due
to the and growth hormone
--Treatment:
11. How can increase
you tellinsulin dosage/adjust
if morning administration
hyperglycemia is causedtime by Dawn
phenomenon or Somogyi effect?: Take blood sugar between 2-4 am and monitor for
symptoms of hypoglycemia
12. What is a fasting blood glucose?: - Preferred diagnostic test
- Patient fasts for at least 8 hours
13. What is an oral glucose tolerance test?: Test to determine if a patient has
gestational diabetes
14. What is a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): -Evaluates the average blood
glucose for 120 days
-Non-diabetic range: 4-6%
-Diabetic range: 6.5-8% with a targeted goal of <7%
15. What do urine ketones indicate?: -Ketones build up in the blood due to the
breakdown of fatty acids when insulin is not available
-High ketones = DKA = Medical emergency
16. What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes? (two findings on
separate days of at least one of the following):
**Type 1 vs Type 2?: -Manifestation of diabetes plus random blood glucose of greater than 20
mg/dL
-Fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dL (no caloric intake within 8hr of testing)
-2-hour glucose greater than 200 mg/dL with oral glucose tolerance test (pregnany women)
-Glycosylate hemoglobin a1c greater than 6.5%
**Type 1 Diabetes has the presence of antibodies
17. What are the risk factors for type I diabetes?: -genetic
predisposition combined with immunologic and possibly environmental (viral) factors
