BIOD 151 Module 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS||100%GUARANTEED
PASS||A+ GRADED!!||UPDATED
2025/2026||<LATEST VERSION>|
qualities of an effective gas exchange region - ANSWER ✓ 1) moist
2) thin
3) large relative to size of the body
Diffusion is enhanced by - ANSWER ✓ extensive vascularization of the lungs
delivery of O2 to cells is promoted by - ANSWER ✓ an O2 carrying molecule
such as hemoglobin
positives and negatives of air - ANSWER ✓ pos: richer source of O2 than water
neg: has drying effect on respiratory surfaces
what happens when relative humidity of air is only 50% - ANSWER ✓ the lungs
lose about 350ml H2O a day
ventilation - ANSWER ✓ movement of air in and out of the lungs
Rib cage during inhalation - ANSWER ✓ lifts superiorly and anteriorly to expand
and open up lungs
Diaphragm - ANSWER ✓ muscle that is dome-shaped at rest but flattened as it
contracts
pulls lungs open
negative pressure in the lungs means air naturally flows inward
rib cage during exhalation - ANSWER ✓ lowered and diaphragm rises
thoracic pressure in the lungs rises meaning air naturally flows outward
, Incomplete ventilation - ANSWER ✓ lungs do NOT completely empty of air
during each breathing cycle
benefit of incomplete ventilation - ANSWER ✓ air entering the lungs mixes with
the air already in them which helps conserve water and maintain a constant
temperature
diffusion - ANSWER ✓ gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood
in pulmonary capillaries
hemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ Hemoglobin combined with oxygen
Hemoglobin contains - ANSWER ✓ 4 poly-peptide chains with each chain
wrapped around a heme group
heme - ANSWER ✓ iron-based, pigment part of hemoglobin
the iron that forms a loose association with oxygen
There are ~____ hemoglobin molecules in one red blood cell, enabling the cell to
carry over ____ molecules of oxygen. - ANSWER ✓ 250 million
1 billion
carbaminohemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ CO2 combined with hemoglobin
How is CO2 transported? - ANSWER ✓ ~30% via carbaminohemoglobin
~10% carried freely in the blood
~most transported in blood in form of bicarbonate ion
spirometer - ANSWER ✓ instrument used to measure breathing
Boyle's Law - ANSWER ✓ P1V1=P2V2
explains why inspiration and expiration can take place
Charles's Law - ANSWER ✓ V1/T1=V2/T2
explains why warming air is beneficial to the respiratory system
, Dalton's Law - ANSWER ✓ The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of
the individual pressures (ppO2 + ppCO2 + ppN2 = 1atm)
different gas quantities or partial pressures in the body which affects diffusion
Tidal Volume (TV) - ANSWER ✓ amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each
breath under resting conditions
typically about 500ml of air
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) - ANSWER ✓ maximum amount of air that
can be inhaled with maximum effort after normal inspiration
typically around 3000mL of air
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) - ANSWER ✓ maximum amount of air that
can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
typically around 1200 mL of air
Residual Volume (RV) - ANSWER ✓ the amount of air remaining in the lungs
that cannot be forcefully expelled
typically 1300mL of air
Vital Capacity (VC) - ANSWER ✓ TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - ANSWER ✓ VC + RV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) - ANSWER ✓ TV + IRV
or
VC - ERV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - ANSWER ✓ ERV + RV
Respiratory Rate (RR) - ANSWER ✓ the number of breaths taken in one minute
determines MV
Minute Volume (MV) - ANSWER ✓ the total volume or amount of air breathed
in 1 minute
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS||100%GUARANTEED
PASS||A+ GRADED!!||UPDATED
2025/2026||<LATEST VERSION>|
qualities of an effective gas exchange region - ANSWER ✓ 1) moist
2) thin
3) large relative to size of the body
Diffusion is enhanced by - ANSWER ✓ extensive vascularization of the lungs
delivery of O2 to cells is promoted by - ANSWER ✓ an O2 carrying molecule
such as hemoglobin
positives and negatives of air - ANSWER ✓ pos: richer source of O2 than water
neg: has drying effect on respiratory surfaces
what happens when relative humidity of air is only 50% - ANSWER ✓ the lungs
lose about 350ml H2O a day
ventilation - ANSWER ✓ movement of air in and out of the lungs
Rib cage during inhalation - ANSWER ✓ lifts superiorly and anteriorly to expand
and open up lungs
Diaphragm - ANSWER ✓ muscle that is dome-shaped at rest but flattened as it
contracts
pulls lungs open
negative pressure in the lungs means air naturally flows inward
rib cage during exhalation - ANSWER ✓ lowered and diaphragm rises
thoracic pressure in the lungs rises meaning air naturally flows outward
, Incomplete ventilation - ANSWER ✓ lungs do NOT completely empty of air
during each breathing cycle
benefit of incomplete ventilation - ANSWER ✓ air entering the lungs mixes with
the air already in them which helps conserve water and maintain a constant
temperature
diffusion - ANSWER ✓ gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood
in pulmonary capillaries
hemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ Hemoglobin combined with oxygen
Hemoglobin contains - ANSWER ✓ 4 poly-peptide chains with each chain
wrapped around a heme group
heme - ANSWER ✓ iron-based, pigment part of hemoglobin
the iron that forms a loose association with oxygen
There are ~____ hemoglobin molecules in one red blood cell, enabling the cell to
carry over ____ molecules of oxygen. - ANSWER ✓ 250 million
1 billion
carbaminohemoglobin - ANSWER ✓ CO2 combined with hemoglobin
How is CO2 transported? - ANSWER ✓ ~30% via carbaminohemoglobin
~10% carried freely in the blood
~most transported in blood in form of bicarbonate ion
spirometer - ANSWER ✓ instrument used to measure breathing
Boyle's Law - ANSWER ✓ P1V1=P2V2
explains why inspiration and expiration can take place
Charles's Law - ANSWER ✓ V1/T1=V2/T2
explains why warming air is beneficial to the respiratory system
, Dalton's Law - ANSWER ✓ The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of
the individual pressures (ppO2 + ppCO2 + ppN2 = 1atm)
different gas quantities or partial pressures in the body which affects diffusion
Tidal Volume (TV) - ANSWER ✓ amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each
breath under resting conditions
typically about 500ml of air
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) - ANSWER ✓ maximum amount of air that
can be inhaled with maximum effort after normal inspiration
typically around 3000mL of air
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) - ANSWER ✓ maximum amount of air that
can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
typically around 1200 mL of air
Residual Volume (RV) - ANSWER ✓ the amount of air remaining in the lungs
that cannot be forcefully expelled
typically 1300mL of air
Vital Capacity (VC) - ANSWER ✓ TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - ANSWER ✓ VC + RV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) - ANSWER ✓ TV + IRV
or
VC - ERV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - ANSWER ✓ ERV + RV
Respiratory Rate (RR) - ANSWER ✓ the number of breaths taken in one minute
determines MV
Minute Volume (MV) - ANSWER ✓ the total volume or amount of air breathed
in 1 minute
