NUR-631 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
________ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic
renal failure
a. Intrinsic factor
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin D
d. Erythropoietin - correct answer- d. Erythropoietin
A bone density of 645mg/cm would support which diagnosis?
a. Osteoplasia
b. Osteoporosis
c. Osteopenia
d. Osteomalacia - correct answer- b. Osteoporosis
Exp: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined osteoporosis on
the basis of bone density. Normal bone is greater than 833 mg/cm ;
osteopenia, or decreased bone mass is 633 to 648 mg/cm; osteoporosis
is less than 648 mg/cm. This selection is the only accepted option. page
1550
,A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant
genetic disease. What is the probability that the next child will have the
same genetic disease?
a. One sixth
b. One fourth
c. One third
d. One half - correct answer- d. One half
Exp: Affected heterozygous individuals transmit the trait to
approximately one half of their children; however, because gamete
transmission is subject to chance fluctuations, it is possible that all or
none of the children of an affected parent may have the trait.
Nevertheless, when large numbers of matings of this type are studied,
the proportion of affected children closely approach one half. page 152-
153
A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:
a. Partial insulin secretion
b. An autoimmune cause factor
c. Insulin resistance
d. Obesity as a common risk factor - correct answer- b. An
autoimmune cause factor
,Exp: A strong association between type 1 diabetes and the presence of
several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles indicate that type 1
diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease. The remaining options are
associated with type 2 diabetes. page 174
A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell
casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/ day with albumin as the major
protein. These data suggest the presence of which disorder?
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Nephrotic syndrome - correct answer- c. Glomerulonephritis
Exp: The data suggest the patient has the disorder known as
glomerulonephritis. Two major changes distinctive of more severe
glomerulonephritis are (1) hematuria with red blood cell casts and (2)
proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein.
These symptoms do not support the diagnosis of the other options. page
1357
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result
from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
, c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - correct answer- a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to
provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal
central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back
into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger,
lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most
propable cause of these symptoms is
a. Hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
b. Dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
c. Hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
d. Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity - correct answer- c.
Hypoglycemia caused by increased excercies
Exp: The most likely cause of these symptoms is hypoglycemia+ which is
often caused bu a lack of systemic glucose as a result of muscular
activity. None of the remaining options appropriately describes why a
person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences the described
symptoms. page 744 Table 22-10
LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
________ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic
renal failure
a. Intrinsic factor
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin D
d. Erythropoietin - correct answer- d. Erythropoietin
A bone density of 645mg/cm would support which diagnosis?
a. Osteoplasia
b. Osteoporosis
c. Osteopenia
d. Osteomalacia - correct answer- b. Osteoporosis
Exp: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined osteoporosis on
the basis of bone density. Normal bone is greater than 833 mg/cm ;
osteopenia, or decreased bone mass is 633 to 648 mg/cm; osteoporosis
is less than 648 mg/cm. This selection is the only accepted option. page
1550
,A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant
genetic disease. What is the probability that the next child will have the
same genetic disease?
a. One sixth
b. One fourth
c. One third
d. One half - correct answer- d. One half
Exp: Affected heterozygous individuals transmit the trait to
approximately one half of their children; however, because gamete
transmission is subject to chance fluctuations, it is possible that all or
none of the children of an affected parent may have the trait.
Nevertheless, when large numbers of matings of this type are studied,
the proportion of affected children closely approach one half. page 152-
153
A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:
a. Partial insulin secretion
b. An autoimmune cause factor
c. Insulin resistance
d. Obesity as a common risk factor - correct answer- b. An
autoimmune cause factor
,Exp: A strong association between type 1 diabetes and the presence of
several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles indicate that type 1
diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease. The remaining options are
associated with type 2 diabetes. page 174
A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell
casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/ day with albumin as the major
protein. These data suggest the presence of which disorder?
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Nephrotic syndrome - correct answer- c. Glomerulonephritis
Exp: The data suggest the patient has the disorder known as
glomerulonephritis. Two major changes distinctive of more severe
glomerulonephritis are (1) hematuria with red blood cell casts and (2)
proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein.
These symptoms do not support the diagnosis of the other options. page
1357
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result
from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
, c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - correct answer- a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to
provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal
central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back
into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger,
lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most
propable cause of these symptoms is
a. Hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
b. Dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
c. Hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
d. Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity - correct answer- c.
Hypoglycemia caused by increased excercies
Exp: The most likely cause of these symptoms is hypoglycemia+ which is
often caused bu a lack of systemic glucose as a result of muscular
activity. None of the remaining options appropriately describes why a
person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences the described
symptoms. page 744 Table 22-10
