WGU C190 – ULTRA CONDENSED CHEAT SHEET

ESTUDYR



WGU C190 – ULTRA CONDENSED CHEAT SHEET

�1. Scientific Method

 Hypothesis: Testable & falsifiable statement

 Independent variable: You change

 Dependent variable: You measure

 Control group: Baseline comparison



�2. Chemistry of Life

Four Macromolecules

1. Carbs – quick energy

2. Lipids – long-term energy, membranes

3. Proteins – structure, enzymes

4. Nucleic acids – DNA/RNA (genetic info)

Enzymes

 Lower activation energy

 Are proteins

 Are substrate-specific

 Can be denatured by heat or pH

Water Properties

 Cohesion, adhesion

 Universal solvent

 High heat capacity

, ESTUDYR


�3. Cells

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

 Prokaryotes: no nucleus (bacteria, archaea)

 Eukaryotes: nucleus + organelles (animals, plants, fungi, protists)

Organelles (high yield)

 Mitochondria – ATP

 Ribosomes – protein synthesis

 ER (rough) – makes proteins

 ER (smooth) – makes lipids

 Golgi – packages & ships

 Lysosome – digestion

 Chloroplast – photosynthesis (plants)

Membrane Transport

 Passive: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

 Active: requires ATP (low → high concentration)



�4. Energy & Metabolism

Cellular Respiration

Glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP
(Aerobic = lots of ATP, anaerobic = little ATP)

Photosynthesis

CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight → glucose + O₂



�5. Genetics