PART 1 — C190 Condensed Cheat Sheets (Ultra-Condensed, Exam-Focused)

ESTUDYR




PART 1 — C190 Condensed Cheat Sheets (Ultra-Condensed,
Exam-Focused)


These are structured to mirror the actual Objective Assessment domains.



�CHEAT SHEET 1: Scientific Method & Chemistry of Life

Scientific Method

 Hypothesis: testable explanation.

 Control group: baseline for comparison.

 Independent variable: manipulated variable.

 Dependent variable: measured response.

 Theory: well-supported explanation of natural phenomena.

Properties of Water

 Cohesion, adhesion

 High specific heat

 Ice floats (less dense)

 Universal solvent

Macromolecules

Type Building Block Function

Carbohydrates monosaccharides energy, structure

Lipids fatty acids energy storage, membranes

Proteins amino acids enzymes, structure

, ESTUDYR


Type Building Block Function

Nucleic acids nucleotides DNA/RNA, heredity

Enzymes

 Biological catalysts

 Sensitive to pH and temperature

 Substrate-specific

 Not consumed in reactions



�CHEAT SHEET 2: Cells & Cell Processes

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

 Prokaryotes: small, no nucleus, simple bacteria

 Eukaryotes: nucleus, organelles, plants/animals/fungi

Organelles

 Nucleus: DNA storage

 Mitochondria: ATP production

 Chloroplasts: photosynthesis

 Ribosomes: protein synthesis

 Golgi: modifies & packages proteins

 ER: rough = ribosomes, smooth = lipids

 Lysosomes: digestion

 Cell membrane: phospholipid bilayer

Transport

 Passive: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

 Active: requires ATP, moves against gradient