Microbiology Exam -1 multiple choice Questions and Answers

Microbiology Exam -1 multiple choice Questions and Answers Microscopic organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and single cell protozoa are studied in microbiology as well as _____________. a. viruses b. large animals c. plants such as mosses and cedar trees d. small animals such as mice and jelly fish a. viruses This was the key to the discovery of and the sequential study of microorganisms. a. Koch's postulates b. the development of the cell theory c. Van Leeuwenhoek's microscope d. the theory of spontaneous generation c. Van Leeuwenhock's microscope He was credited with coining the term "cell" to describe cells and is now credited with being the first to observe and sketch a microorganism, a microfungus. a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek b. Robert Hook c. Captain Hook d. Hans Janssen b. Robert Hook Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? a. all cells come from pre-existing cells b. all living things are composed of cells c. cells are the smallest working unit of living things d. all living organisms are made of the same cell type d. all living organisms are made of the same cell type The belief that life arose from nonliving matter. a. theory of biogenesis b. theory of spontaneous generation c. cell theory d. germ theory b. theory of spontaneous generation He provided further evidence that supported Pasture's experimental results showing that microorganism did not arise from spontaneous generation. a. John Tyndall b. Robert Hooke c. Ferdinand Cohn d. Francesco Redi a. John Tyndall Which of the following is NOT part of Koch's postulates? a. the microorganism must be present in every disease case b. the microorganism can be cultured from the diseased animal c. a different microorganism can be isolated from experimentally infected animals d. healthy animals must show disease symptoms when injected with microorganisms c. a different microorganism can be isolated from experimentally infected animals Organisms are classified: a. to show relatedness b. to show evolutionary relationships c. to make it easier to study them d. choices a, b, and c, are true d. choices a, b, and c, are true Organisms in this domain can be single celled or multicellular, have membrane bound organelles, and the DNA is found inside a membrane called the nucleus a. archaea b bacteria c. eukarya d. prokaryota a. archaea In modern taxonomy the binominal naming system is used to assign scientific names to all living organisms. An organism's binominal name is determined by using the _____________ group that the organism has been classified in and the _____________ name it has been assigned. a. kingdom, phylum b. species, genus c. family, genus d. genus, species e. order species d. genus, species Organisms that belong in this domain are prokaryotic, have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan and are sensitive to antibacterial antibiotics. a. archaea b. bacteria c. eukarya d. prokaryota b. bacteria In class we discussed emerging diseases, which of the following is a relatively new disease that had a major outbreak 2015? a. the flu b. ebola c. small pox d. Legionnaire's disease e. west nile virus disease b. ebola Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek? a. he developed the first electron microscope b. he showed that animals were made of cells c. he produced the first practical compound microscope. d. he made a single lens microscope that could magnify 300 times and was the first to see bacteria. d. he made a single lens microscope that could magnify 300 times and was the first to see bacteria This microscope uses two beams of light to produce 3D color images. a fluorescence b. phase-contrast c. darkfield d. DIC (digital interference contrast) e. confocal d. DIC This microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution. a. electron b. compound light c. phase-contrast d. darkfield e. fluorescence a. electron Who invented the first compound microscope? a. Robert Koch b. Louis Pasture c. Robert Hook d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek e. Hans and Zacharias Janssen e. Hans and Zacharias Janssen With this microscope the observers see a bright specimen against a dark background. a. compound light b. darkfield c. phase-contrast d. fluorescence e. confocal b. darkfield This microscope is the type most commonly used in microbiology. a. darkfield. fluorescence c. confocal d. compound light e. phase-contrast d. compound light This microscope uses an ultraviolet light source. a. compound light b. fluorescence c. phase-contrast d. electron e. darkfield b. fluorescence This microscope uses one beam of light to "scan" the specimen and a computer to produce 3D images. a. fluorescence b. phase-contrast c. darkfield d. DIC (digital interference contrast) e. confocal e. confocal Place the following steps for making bacteria slide in their proper order: 1-staining, 2-making a smear, 3-fixing a. 1-2-3 b. 2-3-1 c. 1-3-2 d. 3-2-1 b. 2-3-1 Bacterial smears are "fixed" before staining to a. kill bacteria b. attach the cells to the slide c. make them permeable to the stain d. choices a, b, & c e. choices a & b only e. choices a & b only Acid fast staining is a type of differential staining. Acid fast positive bacteria stain pink. What do bacteria that are acid fast positive contain? a. spores b. a thin cell wall c. a thick cell wall d. a waxy coating e. a capsule made of sugar d. a waxy coating This type of staining involves the use of the acidic dye Nigrosin. a. simple stain b. differential stain. c. special stain d. negative stain d. negative stain Gram stain is an example of this type of staining. a. simple staining b. differential staining c. special staining d. negative staining b. differential staining This type of staining uses only one basic dye such as Methylene Blue. a. simple staining b. differential staining c. special staining d. negative staining a. simple staining This type of staining is used to color specific parts of bacteria, such as flagella. a. simple staining b. differential staining c. special staining d. negative staining c. special staining Which structure external to the cell wall is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall, protects the bacteria from phagocytosis, and could be used as a food source by the bacteria when nutrients run low? a. capsule b. fimbriae c. slime layer d. flagella a. capsule Made up of NAG-NAM units that form "rods", which are cross-linked by short polypeptides. a. the nuclear membrane b. proteins in the cell wall c. peptidoglycan in cell wall d. phospholipids in plasma membrane c. peptidoglycan in cell wall All of the following are true about Gram (-) bacteria EXCEPT: a. have lipid bilayer outer membrane b. stain purple/blue in the Gram's test c. have a thin layer of peptidoglycan d. contain lipopolysaccharide e. can be very pathogenic b. stain purple/blue in the Gram's test Function of the cell wall. a. give the cell its characteristic shape b. prevent the cell from rupturing c. protect the bacterial cell from the environment d. all of the above d. all of the above Enzyme that breaks down the NAG-NAM units in the peptidoglycan cell wall. a. lysozyme b. penicillin c. urinase d. amoxicillin a. lysozyme The macromolecule that makes up the plasma membrane; composed of a phosphate group head and two fatty acid tails. a. glycoprotein b. glycolipid c. phospholipid d. polysaccharide c. phospholipid Polymyxin B is an effective antibiotic because it a. disrupts the plasma membrane, makes it "leaky" b. breaks down the peptidoglycan of the cell wall c. binds to enzymes and prevents them from reacting with substrate in chemical reactions. d. only a & b are correct a. disrupts the plasma membrane, makes it "leaky" Which technology is used to identify prokaryotes? a. culture characteristics b. microscopic examination c. biochemical tests d. nucleic acid analysis e. all of the above are used e. all of the above are used Which method uses edge shape, elevation, and color in the identification of bacterial species? a. DNA fingerprinting b. microscopic morphology c. ribosomal RNA analysis d. colony morphology e. fatty acid profiles d. colony morphology Which type of staining would be best to use to identify the cell shape and any cell arrangements of unknown bacteria? a. acid fast staining b. gram staining c. flagella staining d. spore staining e. simple staining e. simple staining This method for identifying and classifying bacteria involves cutting DNA with restriction enzymes and looking at the number and the size of DNA fragments on agarose gels. a. DNA fingerprinting b. nucleic acid hybridization c. phage typing d. analysis of proteins a. DNA fingerprinting This method for identifying or characterizing cells measures the physical and chemical properties of cells by passing cells through a small tube and measuring the amount of light scattering. a. PCR b. antibiograms c. flow cytometry d. ribosomal RNA sequencing c. flow cytometry Which of the following is NOT part of a bacteria's phenotype that could be used to classify and/or identify strains of bacteria? a. disease name b. colony color c. colony elevation d. bacterial shape, such as round or rod shaped e. staining characteristics, such as Gram (-) or acid fast positive a. disease name The three major groups of organisms in the Protista kingdom are the protozoans, algae, and __________________. a. cyanobacteria b. fungi c. archaebacteria d. fungal-like Protista d. Fungal-like Protista Which of the following characteristic do all members of the Protista kingdom have in common? a. they all have cell walls b. they are all eukaryotic c. they are all heterotrophs d. they only reproduce asexually e. they only reproduce sexually b. they are all eukaryotic Unlike the other kingdoms, orgainsms are placed in the Protista kingdom because a. they show evolutionary relationships b. they all have many characteristics in common c. they do not fit into any of the other kingdoms d. DNA analysis shows that they are all related c. they do not fit into any of the other kingdoms Which types of reproduction do members for the Protista kingdom exhibit? a. asexual binary fission b. sexual by union of gametes c. through the production of spores d. all the above types or reproduction are seen in the Protista kingdom e. none of the above types of reproduction occur in the Protista kingdom d. all the above types or reproduction are seen in the Protista kingdom Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organisms in the fungi kingdom? a. all are nonvascular b. all are heterotrophic c. some are photosynthetic d. all contain eukaryotic cells e. store excess food as glycogen c some are photosynthetic The cell walls of fungi are different from the cell walls of plants or bacteria because the fungal cell walls contain a. peptidoglycan b. cellulose and peptidoglycan c. chitin d. cellulose c. chitin The body of most fungi are made of many hyphae filaments and is called a. a mycelium b. a mushroom c. a sporangium d. an ascus a. a mycelium Which of the following are used in the classification of fungi? a. the region and soil they grow in b. the size and shape of the mycelium and hyphae c. whether or not they are parasitic or nonparasitic d. the type of spore producing structure and differences in their reproductive cycle d. the type of spore producing structure and differences in their reproductive cycle What do the exoskeleton of insects and the cell wall of fungi have in common? a. they both contain chloroplast b, they are both shed as they grow larger c. they both contain the carbohydrate chitin d. they both contain the carbohydrate cellulose c. they both contain the carbohydrate chitin