1|Page
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM VERSION 2 NEWEST
2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
What is the difference between work and occupation? -
ANSWER-work seen as temporary, occupation is seen as long
term
What term do sociologists use to describe the use of science and
machinery to achieve greater
productive efficiency? - ANSWER-industrialization
Using the concept of division of labor, describe the key
differences in the nature of work in
traditional versus modern societies. - ANSWER-• Economic
system based on private ownership and free markets
• Most economies in modern societies are now capitalistic
Modern Corporations
• The past 100 years have seen corporate growth
,2|Page
concentration of the corporate capital
o - ANSWER-200 largest US financial firms account for over 50%
financial activity
o We have situation of oligopoly more than monopoly
• High-level mergers
acquisitions further this trend of consolidation - ANSWER-
What is the difference between formal and informal economies? -
ANSWER-o Formal economy: documented
taxed
o - ANSWER-Informal economy: under the counter work,
prostitution, babysitting
What would a sociologist who specializes in the study of labor
issues be most likely to study? - ANSWER-
,3|Page
What is "alienation" according to Marx? - ANSWER-Alienation is a
theoretical concept developed by Karl Marx that describes the
isolating, dehumanizing, and disenchanting effects of working
within a capitalist system of production. Per Marx, its cause is the
economic system itself.
Is economic inequality natural and inescapable? - ANSWER-
What are the main features of capitalism? - ANSWER-• Economic
system based on private ownership and free markets
What is a "transnational corporation"? - ANSWER-• Transnational
corporations operate across many countries
o The largest transnationals have more wealth than most
countries
o The US share of top transnational is declining
• Rise of transnational business is intimately related to recent
improvements in technology especially transportation
commutation - ANSWER-
, 4|Page
1. You walk into class ten minutes late and find your classmate
Sunghoon giving a presentation on economic life.
He discusses the need for private ownership of the means of
production; profit as incentive; free competition for
markets to sell goods, acquire cheap materials, and use cheap
labor; and expansion and investment to accumulate
capital. Based on these key points, what is Sunghoon giving his
presentation on?
a. the essential features of capitalism
b. the essential features of socialism
c. the reasons why labor unions form
d. the reasons why Republicans have dominated public office
since the 1970s - ANSWER-b
2. According to Marx, why does worker alienation increase under
capitalism?
a. Workers are paid less than before.
b. Work is physically harder and more complex.
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM VERSION 2 NEWEST
2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
What is the difference between work and occupation? -
ANSWER-work seen as temporary, occupation is seen as long
term
What term do sociologists use to describe the use of science and
machinery to achieve greater
productive efficiency? - ANSWER-industrialization
Using the concept of division of labor, describe the key
differences in the nature of work in
traditional versus modern societies. - ANSWER-• Economic
system based on private ownership and free markets
• Most economies in modern societies are now capitalistic
Modern Corporations
• The past 100 years have seen corporate growth
,2|Page
concentration of the corporate capital
o - ANSWER-200 largest US financial firms account for over 50%
financial activity
o We have situation of oligopoly more than monopoly
• High-level mergers
acquisitions further this trend of consolidation - ANSWER-
What is the difference between formal and informal economies? -
ANSWER-o Formal economy: documented
taxed
o - ANSWER-Informal economy: under the counter work,
prostitution, babysitting
What would a sociologist who specializes in the study of labor
issues be most likely to study? - ANSWER-
,3|Page
What is "alienation" according to Marx? - ANSWER-Alienation is a
theoretical concept developed by Karl Marx that describes the
isolating, dehumanizing, and disenchanting effects of working
within a capitalist system of production. Per Marx, its cause is the
economic system itself.
Is economic inequality natural and inescapable? - ANSWER-
What are the main features of capitalism? - ANSWER-• Economic
system based on private ownership and free markets
What is a "transnational corporation"? - ANSWER-• Transnational
corporations operate across many countries
o The largest transnationals have more wealth than most
countries
o The US share of top transnational is declining
• Rise of transnational business is intimately related to recent
improvements in technology especially transportation
commutation - ANSWER-
, 4|Page
1. You walk into class ten minutes late and find your classmate
Sunghoon giving a presentation on economic life.
He discusses the need for private ownership of the means of
production; profit as incentive; free competition for
markets to sell goods, acquire cheap materials, and use cheap
labor; and expansion and investment to accumulate
capital. Based on these key points, what is Sunghoon giving his
presentation on?
a. the essential features of capitalism
b. the essential features of socialism
c. the reasons why labor unions form
d. the reasons why Republicans have dominated public office
since the 1970s - ANSWER-b
2. According to Marx, why does worker alienation increase under
capitalism?
a. Workers are paid less than before.
b. Work is physically harder and more complex.
