Agriculture
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 12
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
, HAZARDS RISK
HARZARDS (thing/activity/process/animal/energy) → potential for
harm → people/equipment/environment = something that CAN
OHSA
Occupational Health
hurt/harm = threat
⊗ Chemical → acid (batteries), paints, pesticides =can cause: burns,
+ Safety Act
poisoning→ labels, PPE, ventilation. Employer → safe workplace→ screens/ROPS→ maintenance→ training
⊗ Biological→ viruses, bacteria,mold, dust =can cause: diseases, → procedures/emergency plans → correct PPE available.
allergies, tetanus, respiratory problems→ hygiene, separation,PE.P Employee → take care of self/others → follow prescriptions(SOP's =
⊗ Physical → (ENERGY AGENTS) heat, light, noise, electrical energy → use PPE→ report unsafe/incidents promptly.
STANDARD OPERATIONS)
(vibration + radiation) =can cause: injury, deafness, fire
⊗ Ergonomical → heavy items, incorrect working posturecan
back injuries, muscle problems
= cause:
→ mechanical assistance, rotating rest. RISK↔MANAGEMENT
⊗ Mental health → stress, discrimination, harassment→ work-load HAZARD - CONTROL SYSTEM
balance, procedures, support. Identify hazards Risk assessment
∗ Common sense( 6 senses) Ask: How likely? How severe?
Risk = chance (PROBABILITY) will it happen? × consequences (how ∗ Previous incidents/near-accidents How often? How quickly can
bad?) → prioritize action. ∗ inputs (family/ workers/ escalate? How many people
neighbors)→ product sheet/ exposed?→ place on matrix
Tsunami in SA → low chance ↓ supplier information. (↑/↓, ←/→).
but severe effects → medium
Control/remove hazards (hierarchy = select top possible)
Ride on the back of open pickup 1. Eliminate/REMOVE hazard (e.g., remove chemicals)
truck → likely ↑ + extremely 2. Replace with safer option (e.g., pulley instead of hand
harmful → extreme risk lifting)
Low (monitor) → Middle (control 3. Redesign (railings, stairs, shaded areas)
planned) → High/Extreme (action now, 4. Protect yourself (PPE: helmet, goggles, gloves, boots)
work stop/change). 5. Training + instant safety sessions = "Toolbox talk" 10-
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
min sessions (new workers = high supervision). 2
, Tractors
OHSAPPE Personal Protective Equipment
ROPS (roll-over protective structures) / roll bars + seat belt ∗ Face/eyes→ safety goggles/visor/welding goggles/mask
PTO (PowerTake Off) / guards + correct coupling components ∗ Hearing🎧 → earplugs/earmuffs (>85 dB)
(drawbar + safety chain) → contact/entanglement↓ ∗ Skin/body→ overalls/apron/gloves/safety boots→ reduces
Cabin/ ear (HEARING) protection→ muffles (earmuffs) cuts/chemical exposure/heat
Clean operator platform + fire extinguishernb IMPORTANT! ∗ Head→ hard hat → prevents falls/↓ impact @ injuries
∗ Visibility→ reflective vests → ↓ vehicle-related risk at night
Equipment ∗ Flame→ flame-/heat-resistant clothing → ↓ welding/fire hazards
∗ Weather/hazards→ raincoat/fire-resistant clothing/reflective vests
Maintenance done regularly = servicing (recorded = logbook) ∗ Nose/lungs→ respiratory protection (mask/cartridges)→ ↓chemical
Lock-out mechanisms functioning fumes/dust
→ no cracks/leaks]
Lights/wipers OK [+ Hydraulic lines
SMV '(Slow-Moving Vehicle
') sign attached FIRE
Brakes/battery/pressure checked ∗ Isolate ignition sources (flames/sparks/heat)
Operator platform free of debris ∗ Extinguishers full, correct type, clearly marked
General safety equipment = mats/guards → shields@ moving/rotating ∗ No-smoking signs→ hazardous areas
parts ∗ Wiring/installations according to standards (COC = electricians)
∗ Flammable substances→ sealed/ventilated/cool
Warning signs + emergency plans → increases (↑) order & visibility ∗ Emergency numbers at phone; evacuation routes marked in green/wh
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za 3
, Training
OHSA
Buildings (inside)
∗ New/all workers→ induction training:safe work procedures(NB! Internal work areas
supervision until competent) ∗ Fire exits open (no obstructions) = passages/stairs/ladders/floors
∗ Ergonomics: lifting/moving/repositioning unobstructed
→ repetition (+ emergency role allocation: ∗
∗ Weekly toolbox talks (10 min) Toilet/waste facilities adequate
∗ NO work in extreme conditions (cold / heat)
who calls, who leads, where to go) ∗ Light/ventilation adequate (screens over openings/projections)
Chemical hazard Bio-hazards
∗ Electrical points intact,NO OVERLOADING
ELECTRICAL SAFETY!!
⊗ Before working→ main switch OFF→ plug =
∗ Chemicals/bio- agents → closed, safe storage→ clearly labelled +MSDS REMOVED(not just off)
⊗ Correct colour coding connected →
available (Material Safety Data Sheet )
earth/double insulation essential→ do not
∗ Ventilation functioningPROPERLY!
( ) → no open flames/smoking nearby
connect earth wireto live/neutral
∗ Warning signs in place→ correct PPE (goggles, gloves, protective ⊗ Correct circuit breaker size→ ELCB/RCD
clothing) installed → high-voltage work = competence!!
∗
∗
∗
No open flames /smoking nearby
Clean water available + drainage point (contaminated water)
Authorised personnel only → restricted access
Outside (site work)
∗ Children: dedicated play area, away from work
∗ Empty containers→ do not reuse; dispose of safely ∗ Dams/pits/manure pits/silos→ fenced + locked[Grain silos: away from
electrical hazards = overhead powerlines
]
∗ Overhead power lines → warning signs (HV), maintain safe clearance
4
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 12
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
, HAZARDS RISK
HARZARDS (thing/activity/process/animal/energy) → potential for
harm → people/equipment/environment = something that CAN
OHSA
Occupational Health
hurt/harm = threat
⊗ Chemical → acid (batteries), paints, pesticides =can cause: burns,
+ Safety Act
poisoning→ labels, PPE, ventilation. Employer → safe workplace→ screens/ROPS→ maintenance→ training
⊗ Biological→ viruses, bacteria,mold, dust =can cause: diseases, → procedures/emergency plans → correct PPE available.
allergies, tetanus, respiratory problems→ hygiene, separation,PE.P Employee → take care of self/others → follow prescriptions(SOP's =
⊗ Physical → (ENERGY AGENTS) heat, light, noise, electrical energy → use PPE→ report unsafe/incidents promptly.
STANDARD OPERATIONS)
(vibration + radiation) =can cause: injury, deafness, fire
⊗ Ergonomical → heavy items, incorrect working posturecan
back injuries, muscle problems
= cause:
→ mechanical assistance, rotating rest. RISK↔MANAGEMENT
⊗ Mental health → stress, discrimination, harassment→ work-load HAZARD - CONTROL SYSTEM
balance, procedures, support. Identify hazards Risk assessment
∗ Common sense( 6 senses) Ask: How likely? How severe?
Risk = chance (PROBABILITY) will it happen? × consequences (how ∗ Previous incidents/near-accidents How often? How quickly can
bad?) → prioritize action. ∗ inputs (family/ workers/ escalate? How many people
neighbors)→ product sheet/ exposed?→ place on matrix
Tsunami in SA → low chance ↓ supplier information. (↑/↓, ←/→).
but severe effects → medium
Control/remove hazards (hierarchy = select top possible)
Ride on the back of open pickup 1. Eliminate/REMOVE hazard (e.g., remove chemicals)
truck → likely ↑ + extremely 2. Replace with safer option (e.g., pulley instead of hand
harmful → extreme risk lifting)
Low (monitor) → Middle (control 3. Redesign (railings, stairs, shaded areas)
planned) → High/Extreme (action now, 4. Protect yourself (PPE: helmet, goggles, gloves, boots)
work stop/change). 5. Training + instant safety sessions = "Toolbox talk" 10-
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
min sessions (new workers = high supervision). 2
, Tractors
OHSAPPE Personal Protective Equipment
ROPS (roll-over protective structures) / roll bars + seat belt ∗ Face/eyes→ safety goggles/visor/welding goggles/mask
PTO (PowerTake Off) / guards + correct coupling components ∗ Hearing🎧 → earplugs/earmuffs (>85 dB)
(drawbar + safety chain) → contact/entanglement↓ ∗ Skin/body→ overalls/apron/gloves/safety boots→ reduces
Cabin/ ear (HEARING) protection→ muffles (earmuffs) cuts/chemical exposure/heat
Clean operator platform + fire extinguishernb IMPORTANT! ∗ Head→ hard hat → prevents falls/↓ impact @ injuries
∗ Visibility→ reflective vests → ↓ vehicle-related risk at night
Equipment ∗ Flame→ flame-/heat-resistant clothing → ↓ welding/fire hazards
∗ Weather/hazards→ raincoat/fire-resistant clothing/reflective vests
Maintenance done regularly = servicing (recorded = logbook) ∗ Nose/lungs→ respiratory protection (mask/cartridges)→ ↓chemical
Lock-out mechanisms functioning fumes/dust
→ no cracks/leaks]
Lights/wipers OK [+ Hydraulic lines
SMV '(Slow-Moving Vehicle
') sign attached FIRE
Brakes/battery/pressure checked ∗ Isolate ignition sources (flames/sparks/heat)
Operator platform free of debris ∗ Extinguishers full, correct type, clearly marked
General safety equipment = mats/guards → shields@ moving/rotating ∗ No-smoking signs→ hazardous areas
parts ∗ Wiring/installations according to standards (COC = electricians)
∗ Flammable substances→ sealed/ventilated/cool
Warning signs + emergency plans → increases (↑) order & visibility ∗ Emergency numbers at phone; evacuation routes marked in green/wh
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za 3
, Training
OHSA
Buildings (inside)
∗ New/all workers→ induction training:safe work procedures(NB! Internal work areas
supervision until competent) ∗ Fire exits open (no obstructions) = passages/stairs/ladders/floors
∗ Ergonomics: lifting/moving/repositioning unobstructed
→ repetition (+ emergency role allocation: ∗
∗ Weekly toolbox talks (10 min) Toilet/waste facilities adequate
∗ NO work in extreme conditions (cold / heat)
who calls, who leads, where to go) ∗ Light/ventilation adequate (screens over openings/projections)
Chemical hazard Bio-hazards
∗ Electrical points intact,NO OVERLOADING
ELECTRICAL SAFETY!!
⊗ Before working→ main switch OFF→ plug =
∗ Chemicals/bio- agents → closed, safe storage→ clearly labelled +MSDS REMOVED(not just off)
⊗ Correct colour coding connected →
available (Material Safety Data Sheet )
earth/double insulation essential→ do not
∗ Ventilation functioningPROPERLY!
( ) → no open flames/smoking nearby
connect earth wireto live/neutral
∗ Warning signs in place→ correct PPE (goggles, gloves, protective ⊗ Correct circuit breaker size→ ELCB/RCD
clothing) installed → high-voltage work = competence!!
∗
∗
∗
No open flames /smoking nearby
Clean water available + drainage point (contaminated water)
Authorised personnel only → restricted access
Outside (site work)
∗ Children: dedicated play area, away from work
∗ Empty containers→ do not reuse; dispose of safely ∗ Dams/pits/manure pits/silos→ fenced + locked[Grain silos: away from
electrical hazards = overhead powerlines
]
∗ Overhead power lines → warning signs (HV), maintain safe clearance
4
Grade 12_Agricultural Technology I www.notedsummaries.co.za
