TEST BANK f6
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
By Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
f6 f6 f6 f6
, TABLE OF CONTENT f6 f6
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
f6 f6 f6
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapte
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
r 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystem
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f
s
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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f
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
f6 f6 6
f f6 f6 f6
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
RayProcedures
6
f
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diag
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
nostic X-Ray Procedures
f6 f6
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6
MULTIPLE CHOICE f6
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6
1. creation of unstable atoms. f6 f6 f6
2. production of free electrons. f 6 f6 f6
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsub
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
stances poisonous to the cell.
f 6 f 6 f6 f6
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. f6 f6 f6 f6
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passe
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
s?
a. Ionizing radiation f6
b. Nonionizing radiation f6
c. Subatomic radiation f6
d. Ultrasonic radiation f6
ANS: A f6
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medi
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
calbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
6f f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiathe
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
y may have. f6 f6
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a sm
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
allchance of biologic damage.
6f f6 f6 f6
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biolog
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6f6
icdamage. 6f
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possibl
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
ebiologic damage. 6f f6
ANS: D f6
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. 1/10 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
b. 1/100 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
ANS: C f6
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
a. 1 and 2 only f6 f6 f6
b. 1 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
c. 2 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefro
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
m a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fro
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6
mthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
6f f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with t
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
hereferring physician. 6f f 6
ANS: A f6
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedu
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6
resalways follow ALARA?
6f f 6 f6
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptr
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
esponsibility for patient radiation safety. f 6 f6 f 6 f 6
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
, patient radiation safety. f6 f6
c. Because radiation- f6
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level be
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 6f f6 f6 f6
low which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. Because radiation- f6
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a c
6f f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 6f f 6 f6 f6
hance of developing this disease. f 6 f6 f 6 f6
ANS: C f6
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospi
f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
taladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mainte
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
nance of the ALARA program?
f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Assistant administrator of the facility f6 f 6 f6 f6
b. Chief of staff f6 f6
c. Radiation Safety Officer f6 f6
d. Student radiologic technologist f6 f6
ANS: C f6
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specifi
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
cx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
6f f6 f6 f6 f6
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patie
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6
nt.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6
a. 1 and 2 only f6 f6 f6
b. 1 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
c. 2 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: A f6
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B f6
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
a. Coulomb per kilogram f6 f6
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A f6
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of th
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
eneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
By Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
f6 f6 f6 f6
, TABLE OF CONTENT f6 f6
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
f6 f6 f6
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapte
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
r 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystem
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
s
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
f6 f6 6
f f6 f6 f6
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
RayProcedures
6
f
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6
f
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diag
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
nostic X-Ray Procedures
f6 f6
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6
MULTIPLE CHOICE f6
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6
1. creation of unstable atoms. f6 f6 f6
2. production of free electrons. f 6 f6 f6
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsub
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
stances poisonous to the cell.
f 6 f 6 f6 f6
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. f6 f6 f6 f6
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passe
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
s?
a. Ionizing radiation f6
b. Nonionizing radiation f6
c. Subatomic radiation f6
d. Ultrasonic radiation f6
ANS: A f6
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medi
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
calbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
6f f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiathe
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
y may have. f6 f6
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a sm
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
allchance of biologic damage.
6f f6 f6 f6
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biolog
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6f6
icdamage. 6f
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possibl
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
ebiologic damage. 6f f6
ANS: D f6
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. 1/10 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
b. 1/100 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. f6 f6 f6
ANS: C f6
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6
a. 1 and 2 only f6 f6 f6
b. 1 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
c. 2 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefro
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
m a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fro
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6
mthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
6f f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with t
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
hereferring physician. 6f f 6
ANS: A f6
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedu
f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6
resalways follow ALARA?
6f f 6 f6
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptr
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f
esponsibility for patient radiation safety. f 6 f6 f 6 f 6
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6
, patient radiation safety. f6 f6
c. Because radiation- f6
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level be
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 6f f6 f6 f6
low which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
d. Because radiation- f6
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a c
6f f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 6f f 6 f6 f6
hance of developing this disease. f 6 f6 f 6 f6
ANS: C f6
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: D f6
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospi
f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
taladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mainte
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
nance of the ALARA program?
f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Assistant administrator of the facility f6 f 6 f6 f6
b. Chief of staff f6 f6
c. Radiation Safety Officer f6 f6
d. Student radiologic technologist f6 f6
ANS: C f6
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specifi
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
cx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
6f f6 f6 f6 f6
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patie
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6
nt.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6
a. 1 and 2 only f6 f6 f6
b. 1 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
c. 2 and 3 only f6 f6 f6
d. All the options f6 f6
ANS: A f6
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B f6
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f6 f6 f6 f 6 f 6 f6 f6
a. Coulomb per kilogram f6 f6
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A f6
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of th
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
eneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
6f f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 f6
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
f6 f6 f6 f6 f6 6f f6 f6 f 6 f6 f 6 f6 f6
