STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.

STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO
STATISTICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.




Four steps in the process of statistics - ANS 1. Producing Data
2. Exploratory Data Analysis
3. Probability
4. Inference


Categorical variable - ANS places individuals into one of several groups
Two types: nominal and ordinal


Quantitative Variable - ANS represents a measurement or a count
Two types: Interval and ratio


Nominal Variable - ANS categorical variables where there is no natural order among the
categories


Ordinal variable - ANS categorical variables where there is natural order among the
categories



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, Interval Variable - ANS a measurement or count for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values, but it does not make sense to talk about the ratio between values; 0
does not represent the absence of quanitity


Ratio Variable - ANS quantitative variables for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values AND the ratio between values; 0 represents the absence of quantity


What type of variable?:

eye color - ANS nominal


What type of variable?:

socioeconomic status with categories low, med, high - ANS Ordinal


What type of variable?:

Temperature - ANS Interval


What type of variable?:

Income - ANS Ratio


Visual display and numerical summary for a single categorical variable - ANS pie chart or bar
chart
and category percentages


Visual display and numerical summary for a single quantitative variable - ANS histogram or
stemplot
and descriptive statistics


Visual display and numerical summary for C->C - ANS Two way table and conditional
percentages



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