DVT PE VTE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
Thrombus - Answers Blood clot that develops in a vein or artery.
Embolism - Answers Condition when a thrombus moves throughout the body.
Thromboembolism - Answers Harmful condition resulting from an embolism.
Arterial Thrombosis - Answers Blood clot that develops in an artery.
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) - Answers Blood clot that develops in a vein, includes DVT and
PE.
Stroke - Answers Blood clot that travels through an artery to the brain, can also develop from
plaque.
Virchow's Triad - Answers Three factors for pathologic blood clot formation: endothelial injury,
venous stasis, and hyper coagulable state.
Endothelial Injury - Answers Inner lining of blood vessel sustains injury due to trauma,
inflammation, or damage.
Venous Stasis - Answers Altered blood flow due to prolonged immobility, paralysis, heart failure,
obesity, or pregnancy.
Hyper Coagulable State - Answers Condition where blood has an increased tendency to clot,
may be inherited or acquired.
Inherited Factors - Answers Factors such as Factor V Leiden mutation, Prothrombin gene
mutation, Protein C, Protein S, or antithrombin deficiency.
Acquired Factors - Answers Factors like pregnancy, estrogen therapy, malignancy,
antiphospholipid syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, obesity, or smoking.
DVT - Answers Deep vein thrombosis, blood clot in the lower extremities.
PE - Answers Pulmonary embolism, blood clot in the lungs.
MI - Answers Myocardial infarction, blood clot in the heart.
Ischemic Stroke - Answers Blood clot in the brain.
Risk Factors for VTE - Answers Include injuries, surgery, older age (60 & up), blood clotting
disorders, inactivity, smoking, and use of oral contraceptives.
S/S of PE - Answers Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, tachycardia, shortness of
breath, lightheadedness, hemoptysis.
, S/S of MI - Answers Chest pain radiating to the left arm, shortness of breath, diaphoresis.
S/S of Stroke - Answers Facial weakness, difficulty speaking, visual deficits, left or right sided
weakness, seizures.
D-dimer - Answers Lab test that detects fibrin degradation products; elevated when clots are
present and breaking down.
False Positives - Answers old age, smoking, obesity, pregnancy, surgery, trauma, infections,
heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis
CT - Answers more in depth view of body (specific organ)
MRA - Answers examines blood vessels of body
V/Q scan - Answers checks for blood clots via lungs; ventilation/perfusion test
Anticoagulants - Answers prevents clots in forming for pts at higher risk; warfarin (do not eat so
much food high in vitamin k; messes w INR 2-3 is good; Heparin (IV/subq), Lovenox
(enoxaparin), Warfarin, and DOACs (Eliquis, Xarelto)
INR - Answers if INR is 4.5 or higher = give antidote (vitamin K injection) - WARFARIN
aPTT - Answers if aPTT is higher than 2.5× normal = give antidote (protamine sulfate) -
HEPARIN
Thrombolytics - Answers meds used to dissolve already formed blood clots
Antiplatelets - Answers prevent a blood clot from forming (ensures platelets do NOT stick
together= clot) ASPIRIN, Clopidogrel (plavix)
Patho of DVT - Answers Causes: endothelial injury, venous stasis, or hypercoagulability — often
following trauma, surgery, or prolonged immobility.
Symptoms of DVT - Answers Causes pain, redness, swelling, warmth to affected area
Patient Education - Answers Lifestyle modifications; no smoking, hydrating, active lifestyle (due
to pt w low immobility)
Post-Surgery Care - Answers Ambulate pt asap after surgery to prevent clot
Side Effects of Anticoagulation Meds - Answers Tell pt to report abd pain, black/tarry stools,
noticeable blood or frank blood = digestive bleed; Tell pt to report sudden vision changes,
severe headaches, memory loss, confusion= bleed into brain
Dehydration - Answers A condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
Genetic disorder (factor V Leiden (FVL)) - Answers Causes blood to clot abnormally.
Thrombus - Answers Blood clot that develops in a vein or artery.
Embolism - Answers Condition when a thrombus moves throughout the body.
Thromboembolism - Answers Harmful condition resulting from an embolism.
Arterial Thrombosis - Answers Blood clot that develops in an artery.
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) - Answers Blood clot that develops in a vein, includes DVT and
PE.
Stroke - Answers Blood clot that travels through an artery to the brain, can also develop from
plaque.
Virchow's Triad - Answers Three factors for pathologic blood clot formation: endothelial injury,
venous stasis, and hyper coagulable state.
Endothelial Injury - Answers Inner lining of blood vessel sustains injury due to trauma,
inflammation, or damage.
Venous Stasis - Answers Altered blood flow due to prolonged immobility, paralysis, heart failure,
obesity, or pregnancy.
Hyper Coagulable State - Answers Condition where blood has an increased tendency to clot,
may be inherited or acquired.
Inherited Factors - Answers Factors such as Factor V Leiden mutation, Prothrombin gene
mutation, Protein C, Protein S, or antithrombin deficiency.
Acquired Factors - Answers Factors like pregnancy, estrogen therapy, malignancy,
antiphospholipid syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, obesity, or smoking.
DVT - Answers Deep vein thrombosis, blood clot in the lower extremities.
PE - Answers Pulmonary embolism, blood clot in the lungs.
MI - Answers Myocardial infarction, blood clot in the heart.
Ischemic Stroke - Answers Blood clot in the brain.
Risk Factors for VTE - Answers Include injuries, surgery, older age (60 & up), blood clotting
disorders, inactivity, smoking, and use of oral contraceptives.
S/S of PE - Answers Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, tachycardia, shortness of
breath, lightheadedness, hemoptysis.
, S/S of MI - Answers Chest pain radiating to the left arm, shortness of breath, diaphoresis.
S/S of Stroke - Answers Facial weakness, difficulty speaking, visual deficits, left or right sided
weakness, seizures.
D-dimer - Answers Lab test that detects fibrin degradation products; elevated when clots are
present and breaking down.
False Positives - Answers old age, smoking, obesity, pregnancy, surgery, trauma, infections,
heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis
CT - Answers more in depth view of body (specific organ)
MRA - Answers examines blood vessels of body
V/Q scan - Answers checks for blood clots via lungs; ventilation/perfusion test
Anticoagulants - Answers prevents clots in forming for pts at higher risk; warfarin (do not eat so
much food high in vitamin k; messes w INR 2-3 is good; Heparin (IV/subq), Lovenox
(enoxaparin), Warfarin, and DOACs (Eliquis, Xarelto)
INR - Answers if INR is 4.5 or higher = give antidote (vitamin K injection) - WARFARIN
aPTT - Answers if aPTT is higher than 2.5× normal = give antidote (protamine sulfate) -
HEPARIN
Thrombolytics - Answers meds used to dissolve already formed blood clots
Antiplatelets - Answers prevent a blood clot from forming (ensures platelets do NOT stick
together= clot) ASPIRIN, Clopidogrel (plavix)
Patho of DVT - Answers Causes: endothelial injury, venous stasis, or hypercoagulability — often
following trauma, surgery, or prolonged immobility.
Symptoms of DVT - Answers Causes pain, redness, swelling, warmth to affected area
Patient Education - Answers Lifestyle modifications; no smoking, hydrating, active lifestyle (due
to pt w low immobility)
Post-Surgery Care - Answers Ambulate pt asap after surgery to prevent clot
Side Effects of Anticoagulation Meds - Answers Tell pt to report abd pain, black/tarry stools,
noticeable blood or frank blood = digestive bleed; Tell pt to report sudden vision changes,
severe headaches, memory loss, confusion= bleed into brain
Dehydration - Answers A condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
Genetic disorder (factor V Leiden (FVL)) - Answers Causes blood to clot abnormally.
