HONDROS BIO 117 RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Constriction - Answer- Circular smooth muscle fibers contract due to ACh attachment to
B2 receptors
Alveoli - Answer- Function: Gas exchange O2 for CO2
made of Epithelial tissue
Lungs - Answer- Right lung has three lobes
Left lung has two lobes
Right lung - Answer- Superior, middle and inferior lobes
Left lung - Answer- Superior, and inferior lobes
Apex - Answer- Rounded upper part of the lungs
Base - Answer- inferior bottom of lungs
Pleura and Pleural cavity - Answer- Serous membrane that covers lung: Pleura
Peritineum - Answer- Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Serous fluid - Answer- Fluid that fills the pleural cavity
Exhalation - Answer- breathing out
two forces that act to collapse lungs
1. Elastic Recoil
2. Surface Tension
Elastic Recoil - Answer- Lungs are made of elastic tissues that allow them to expand
and contract
Surfactants - Answer- chemicals that decrease the surface tension of the alveoli
Pressure of the intrapleural space - Answer- Negative Pressure keeps the lungs
expanded as compared to the atmospheric pressure
Air Flow - Answer- High pressure to low pressure
, Inspiration - Answer- Thoracic cavity volume increases
intrathoracic pressure increases
Expiration - Answer- Thoracic cavity volume decreases
intrathoracic pressure decreases
Diaphragm - Answer- Skeletal Muscle
Contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
Muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
External Intercostals - Answer- Skeletal Muscle
Muscle contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
Muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
Internal Intercostals - Answer- Skeletal muscles
muscle relaxes during inspiration and contracts only during FORCED EXPIRATION
this muscle contracts to decrease volume of the thoracic cavity
Passive force - Answer- normal quiet expiration
Accessory muscles of ventilation - Answer- Abdominals, internal intercostals
Accessory muscles for inspiration - Answer- located in chest and back
Accessory muscles for expiration - Answer- located in abdomen and chest
Partial pressure - Answer- term used to determine the concentration of gasses
Oxygen Diffusion - Answer- Direction of diffusion during gas exchange between the
alveolus and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is from High to Low
Carbon Dioxide Diffusion - Answer- Direction of diffusion during gas exchange between
the alveolus and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is from high to low
Capillaries - Answer- site of O2 diffusion in the systemic circuit
From tissue to capillaries - Answer- direction of CO2 diffusion in the systemic circuit
Hemoglobin - Answer- molecule responsible for 98% of O2 transport in the blood
found in Red Blood Cells RBCs
Bicarbonate - Answer- Most of the CO2 molecules in the blood are converted into this
Chemical equation for CO2 dissolution in the blood plasma - Answer- CO2 + H2O <>
H2CO3- <> H+ + HCO3-
SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Constriction - Answer- Circular smooth muscle fibers contract due to ACh attachment to
B2 receptors
Alveoli - Answer- Function: Gas exchange O2 for CO2
made of Epithelial tissue
Lungs - Answer- Right lung has three lobes
Left lung has two lobes
Right lung - Answer- Superior, middle and inferior lobes
Left lung - Answer- Superior, and inferior lobes
Apex - Answer- Rounded upper part of the lungs
Base - Answer- inferior bottom of lungs
Pleura and Pleural cavity - Answer- Serous membrane that covers lung: Pleura
Peritineum - Answer- Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Serous fluid - Answer- Fluid that fills the pleural cavity
Exhalation - Answer- breathing out
two forces that act to collapse lungs
1. Elastic Recoil
2. Surface Tension
Elastic Recoil - Answer- Lungs are made of elastic tissues that allow them to expand
and contract
Surfactants - Answer- chemicals that decrease the surface tension of the alveoli
Pressure of the intrapleural space - Answer- Negative Pressure keeps the lungs
expanded as compared to the atmospheric pressure
Air Flow - Answer- High pressure to low pressure
, Inspiration - Answer- Thoracic cavity volume increases
intrathoracic pressure increases
Expiration - Answer- Thoracic cavity volume decreases
intrathoracic pressure decreases
Diaphragm - Answer- Skeletal Muscle
Contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
Muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
External Intercostals - Answer- Skeletal Muscle
Muscle contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration
Muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
Internal Intercostals - Answer- Skeletal muscles
muscle relaxes during inspiration and contracts only during FORCED EXPIRATION
this muscle contracts to decrease volume of the thoracic cavity
Passive force - Answer- normal quiet expiration
Accessory muscles of ventilation - Answer- Abdominals, internal intercostals
Accessory muscles for inspiration - Answer- located in chest and back
Accessory muscles for expiration - Answer- located in abdomen and chest
Partial pressure - Answer- term used to determine the concentration of gasses
Oxygen Diffusion - Answer- Direction of diffusion during gas exchange between the
alveolus and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is from High to Low
Carbon Dioxide Diffusion - Answer- Direction of diffusion during gas exchange between
the alveolus and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is from high to low
Capillaries - Answer- site of O2 diffusion in the systemic circuit
From tissue to capillaries - Answer- direction of CO2 diffusion in the systemic circuit
Hemoglobin - Answer- molecule responsible for 98% of O2 transport in the blood
found in Red Blood Cells RBCs
Bicarbonate - Answer- Most of the CO2 molecules in the blood are converted into this
Chemical equation for CO2 dissolution in the blood plasma - Answer- CO2 + H2O <>
H2CO3- <> H+ + HCO3-
