Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition by Sue E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance | Updated 2025/2026 | Complete Exam Q&A PDF

Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether
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Test




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether gg gg gg gg


Chapter 01: Cellular
Test Biology
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE gg




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
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ggsupercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be
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gg observed by the student? gg gg gg


a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus gg


c. Free-floating nuclear material gg gg


d. No organelles gg




ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA
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within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular
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chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but
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has no organelles.
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REF: p. 2 g g




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular
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g gfunction is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses
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ggit to transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption gg


b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D gg


The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication
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ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides
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nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
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REF: p. 2 g g




3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
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gg would most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm gg




ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
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ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus,
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which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with
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cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein
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manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
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REF: p. 2 g g




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether gg gg gg gg


Test
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by
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ggdissolving the layer itself? gg gg gg


a. Peripheral membrane proteins gg gg


b. Integral membrane proteins gg gg


c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules gg gg




ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
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integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
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reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the
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membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
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REF: p. 7 g g




5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids gg


d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
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membrane.
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REF: p. 9 g g




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What
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ggalternation in the extracellular NT would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
USmatrix gg iagnBo.
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ofM
ggv vmetastatic cancer? gg


a. Decreased fibronectin gg

b. Increased collagen gg


c. Decreased elastin gg


d. Increased glycoproteins gg




ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells,
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allowing them to travel or metastasize.
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REF: p. 10 g g




7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical
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ggcontact?
a. Cell junction gg


b. Gap junction gg


c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction gg




ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
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Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
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junctions are associated with cellular communication.
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REF: p. 11 g g




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Test
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
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neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the
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following signaling types?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
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taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the
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inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve
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signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
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REF: p. 12 g g




9. In gg cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
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product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an
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attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
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REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to
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ggcontract.
The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
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knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
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a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options
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are involved in muscle contraction.
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REF: p. 16 g g




11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
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a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle gg gg




ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
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generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
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