Pharmacotherapy III; Exam 1
questions with correct answers
What is the structure of cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔ Steroid backbone
What is cholesterol the precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔ cholesterol serves as a precursor for
hormones, mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids
Is cholesterol bad? - correct answer ✔✔ No
What is dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ Abnormal levels of cholesterol, usually a higher
than normal amount
- serum cholesterol and lipoprotein carriers are linked to ASCVD, with LDL-C being the biggest
cause of atherogenic cholesterol. Overall risk is measured by non-HDL components (LDL and
VLDL and apolipoprotein B
What is the normal value for HDL? - correct answer ✔✔ Men > 40
Women > 50
What is the normal value for LDL? - correct answer ✔✔ < 100
What is the normal value for TG? - correct answer ✔✔ < 150
What is the normal value for total cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔ < 200
What is the equation for TC? - correct answer ✔✔ •TC = LDL + HDL + (TG/5)
,**cannot use if TC > 400
Why can cholesterol be bad? - correct answer ✔✔ Formation of atherosclerotic disease
1. Normal Artery
2. Endothelial Dysfunction
3. Fatty Streak Formation
4. Stable Plaque Formation
5. Unstable Plaque Formation or Blockage
Based on multiple reasons, such as trauma or damage to the inner linings of our arteries, a fatty
streak of platelets and lipids can form, decreasing the width inside the affected artery. Any
additional trauma to the fatty streak could in turn cause the streak to rupture or continue its
healing process, eventually causing a clogged artery or the formation of a thrombus.
What do fatty build ups result in? - correct answer ✔✔ -Atherosclerosis
-Myocardial infarctions
-Peripheral Artery Disease
-Stroke
-Pulmonary Embolisms
-Deep Vein Thrombosis
All caused by plaques, thrombi
What are the types of primary dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Heterozygous mutations
•Homozygous mutations
What are the causes of secondary dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Diet
•Medications (ie. cyclosporine, antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, bile acid sequestrants, propofol)
•Obesity
,•Hypothyroidism
•Pregnancy
What are the treatments for dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Statins
•Ezetimibe
•Bile acid sequestrants
•Fibrates
•Niacin
•Fish Oil
•PCSK-9 inhibitors
•Lifestyle modifications- diet and exercise
What are the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)? - correct answer
✔✔ •Increased Age
•Male
•Family History
•Cigarette Smoking
•Elevated Blood Pressure
•Type 2 Diabetes
•Unmanaged Cholesterol Levels
How can you interpret calculated risk of ASCVD? - correct answer ✔✔ Low-risk (<5%)
Borderline risk (5% to 7.4%)
Intermediate risk (7.5% to 19.9%)
High risk (≥20%)
Consider medication at intermediate
, Definitely use medication if at high risk
What is first line treatment for dyslipidemia after lifestyle modification? - correct answer ✔✔
Statins
What are statins? - correct answer ✔✔ •Mechanism of action:
•HMG-CoA reductase reducing hepatic cholesterol synthesis and up-regulation of LDL receptors
•BBW: Do not use in pregnancy or active liver disease
•Adverse effects:
•Myopathy
•Hepatotoxicity (active liver disease is a CI)
•Dementia (NOT!!!!)
What is the order of statin potency: Most to least potent? - correct answer ✔✔ Pitavastatin
Rosuvastatin
Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin- Take at night
Fluvastatin
Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives and Preventing the Flu
Which two statins are high intensity? - correct answer ✔✔ Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg and
Atorvastatin 40-80 mg >50% LDL reduction
KNOW THESE DOSES
What is Ezetimibe? - correct answer ✔✔ •Mechanism of action:
questions with correct answers
What is the structure of cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔ Steroid backbone
What is cholesterol the precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔ cholesterol serves as a precursor for
hormones, mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids
Is cholesterol bad? - correct answer ✔✔ No
What is dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ Abnormal levels of cholesterol, usually a higher
than normal amount
- serum cholesterol and lipoprotein carriers are linked to ASCVD, with LDL-C being the biggest
cause of atherogenic cholesterol. Overall risk is measured by non-HDL components (LDL and
VLDL and apolipoprotein B
What is the normal value for HDL? - correct answer ✔✔ Men > 40
Women > 50
What is the normal value for LDL? - correct answer ✔✔ < 100
What is the normal value for TG? - correct answer ✔✔ < 150
What is the normal value for total cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔ < 200
What is the equation for TC? - correct answer ✔✔ •TC = LDL + HDL + (TG/5)
,**cannot use if TC > 400
Why can cholesterol be bad? - correct answer ✔✔ Formation of atherosclerotic disease
1. Normal Artery
2. Endothelial Dysfunction
3. Fatty Streak Formation
4. Stable Plaque Formation
5. Unstable Plaque Formation or Blockage
Based on multiple reasons, such as trauma or damage to the inner linings of our arteries, a fatty
streak of platelets and lipids can form, decreasing the width inside the affected artery. Any
additional trauma to the fatty streak could in turn cause the streak to rupture or continue its
healing process, eventually causing a clogged artery or the formation of a thrombus.
What do fatty build ups result in? - correct answer ✔✔ -Atherosclerosis
-Myocardial infarctions
-Peripheral Artery Disease
-Stroke
-Pulmonary Embolisms
-Deep Vein Thrombosis
All caused by plaques, thrombi
What are the types of primary dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Heterozygous mutations
•Homozygous mutations
What are the causes of secondary dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Diet
•Medications (ie. cyclosporine, antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, bile acid sequestrants, propofol)
•Obesity
,•Hypothyroidism
•Pregnancy
What are the treatments for dyslipidemia? - correct answer ✔✔ •Statins
•Ezetimibe
•Bile acid sequestrants
•Fibrates
•Niacin
•Fish Oil
•PCSK-9 inhibitors
•Lifestyle modifications- diet and exercise
What are the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)? - correct answer
✔✔ •Increased Age
•Male
•Family History
•Cigarette Smoking
•Elevated Blood Pressure
•Type 2 Diabetes
•Unmanaged Cholesterol Levels
How can you interpret calculated risk of ASCVD? - correct answer ✔✔ Low-risk (<5%)
Borderline risk (5% to 7.4%)
Intermediate risk (7.5% to 19.9%)
High risk (≥20%)
Consider medication at intermediate
, Definitely use medication if at high risk
What is first line treatment for dyslipidemia after lifestyle modification? - correct answer ✔✔
Statins
What are statins? - correct answer ✔✔ •Mechanism of action:
•HMG-CoA reductase reducing hepatic cholesterol synthesis and up-regulation of LDL receptors
•BBW: Do not use in pregnancy or active liver disease
•Adverse effects:
•Myopathy
•Hepatotoxicity (active liver disease is a CI)
•Dementia (NOT!!!!)
What is the order of statin potency: Most to least potent? - correct answer ✔✔ Pitavastatin
Rosuvastatin
Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin- Take at night
Fluvastatin
Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives and Preventing the Flu
Which two statins are high intensity? - correct answer ✔✔ Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg and
Atorvastatin 40-80 mg >50% LDL reduction
KNOW THESE DOSES
What is Ezetimibe? - correct answer ✔✔ •Mechanism of action:
