Portage Biochemistry- Module 6 Exam with verified ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed solutions ||\\//||
What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide? - correct answer✔✔A
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nucleoside is formed from the covalent bonding of a base, purine or pyrimidine, to either ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ribose or 2-deoxyribose. Nucleotides are built from a nitrogen-containing organic base, a
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monosaccharide, and phosphate. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What characteristic makes purines and pyrimidine heterocyclic? - correct answer✔✔Each has
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a ring with nitrogen in the ring instead of all carbon atoms in the ring.
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Is this molecule ribose or 2-deoxyribose? Briefly explain what structural information was
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
used to determine this. - correct answer✔✔Ribose. This molecule contains an -OH on carbon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. 2-deoxyribose has an -H atom on the second carbon.
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Is the following a pyrimidine or purine? Provide the name and one-letter symbol. - correct
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answer✔✔Pyrimidine. It is thymine (T). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the difference between thymine and uracil? - correct answer✔✔These two bases
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
differ by a methyl group. Thymine has an extra methyl group on the ring.
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From the course and module information, where in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, is the
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DNA located? How about the RNA? - correct answer✔✔DNA is located in the nucleus of a
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eukaryotic cell or the nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell. RNA is found in the nucleus, on the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ribosome, and in other parts of the cell. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Which DNA and RNA bases contain a carbonyl group? - correct answer✔✔Guanine, cytosine,
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thymine, and uracil all contain C=O group attached to the rings. Adenine is the only base
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that does not. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What constitutes the backbone of DNA? - correct answer✔✔In DNA, this consists of the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups linked together through covalent bonds ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(Figure 6.6). ||\\//||
How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T? - correct answer✔✔Two hydrogen bonds
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
are formed between these two bases. G and C form three H-bonds.
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Which nucleic acid is single-stranded? - correct answer✔✔RNA. RNA forms single strands.
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Particularly this was noted in this module for tRNA. DNA forms a double helix. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What interactions stabilize the DNA double helix? - correct answer✔✔Hydrogen bonds
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stabilize the helix. Each AT pair and form two hydrogen bonds, and each GC pair forms three
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hydrogens that stabilize the helix, permitting it to maintain this shape. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What type of RNA has a sequence that is complementary to DNA? - correct
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answer✔✔mRNA is complementary so that it can transmit the information to the ribosome. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Which has the largest molecular weight chains: mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA? - correct
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answer✔✔rRNA. These molecules make up ribosomes. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What structural forms of DNA have a right-handed helix? Which form has a left-handed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
helix? - correct answer✔✔The A- and B-forms are right-handed, while the Z-form is left-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
handed.
What function does cAMP perform in cells? - correct answer✔✔cAMP is a communication
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
molecule in cellular signaling. It acts as a secondary messenger. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
In DNA, guanine always pairs with ________.
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detailed solutions ||\\//||
What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide? - correct answer✔✔A
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nucleoside is formed from the covalent bonding of a base, purine or pyrimidine, to either ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ribose or 2-deoxyribose. Nucleotides are built from a nitrogen-containing organic base, a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
monosaccharide, and phosphate. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What characteristic makes purines and pyrimidine heterocyclic? - correct answer✔✔Each has
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
a ring with nitrogen in the ring instead of all carbon atoms in the ring.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Is this molecule ribose or 2-deoxyribose? Briefly explain what structural information was
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
used to determine this. - correct answer✔✔Ribose. This molecule contains an -OH on carbon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. 2-deoxyribose has an -H atom on the second carbon.
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Is the following a pyrimidine or purine? Provide the name and one-letter symbol. - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Pyrimidine. It is thymine (T). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the difference between thymine and uracil? - correct answer✔✔These two bases
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
differ by a methyl group. Thymine has an extra methyl group on the ring.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
From the course and module information, where in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, is the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA located? How about the RNA? - correct answer✔✔DNA is located in the nucleus of a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
eukaryotic cell or the nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell. RNA is found in the nucleus, on the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ribosome, and in other parts of the cell. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Which DNA and RNA bases contain a carbonyl group? - correct answer✔✔Guanine, cytosine,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
thymine, and uracil all contain C=O group attached to the rings. Adenine is the only base
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
that does not. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What constitutes the backbone of DNA? - correct answer✔✔In DNA, this consists of the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups linked together through covalent bonds ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(Figure 6.6). ||\\//||
How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T? - correct answer✔✔Two hydrogen bonds
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
are formed between these two bases. G and C form three H-bonds.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Which nucleic acid is single-stranded? - correct answer✔✔RNA. RNA forms single strands.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Particularly this was noted in this module for tRNA. DNA forms a double helix. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What interactions stabilize the DNA double helix? - correct answer✔✔Hydrogen bonds
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stabilize the helix. Each AT pair and form two hydrogen bonds, and each GC pair forms three
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hydrogens that stabilize the helix, permitting it to maintain this shape. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What type of RNA has a sequence that is complementary to DNA? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔mRNA is complementary so that it can transmit the information to the ribosome. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Which has the largest molecular weight chains: mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔rRNA. These molecules make up ribosomes. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What structural forms of DNA have a right-handed helix? Which form has a left-handed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
helix? - correct answer✔✔The A- and B-forms are right-handed, while the Z-form is left-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
handed.
What function does cAMP perform in cells? - correct answer✔✔cAMP is a communication
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
molecule in cellular signaling. It acts as a secondary messenger. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
In DNA, guanine always pairs with ________.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
