CAMPBELL BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
species - Answers group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
population - Answers group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
autotroph - Answers organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
producer - Answers organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
photosynthesis - Answers process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy
to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars
and starches
chemosythesis - Answers process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use
chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
heterotroph - Answers organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a
consumer
consumer - Answers organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply;
also called a heterotroph
herbivore - Answers organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
carnivore - Answers organism that obtains energy by eating animals
detritivore - Answers organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter
decomposer - Answers organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic
matter
food chain - Answers series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by
eating and being eaten
phytoplankton - Answers population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found
near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
food vacuole - Answers small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores food
cilium - Answers short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in many
cells
conjugation - Answers form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes
exchange genetic information
, prokaryote - Answers unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
bacillus - Answers rod-shaped prokaryote
coccus - Answers spherical prokaryote
spirillum - Answers spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
chemoheterotroph - Answers organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and
carbon
photoautotroph - Answers organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide
and water to carbon compounds
obligate aerobe - Answers organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
obligate anaerobe - Answers organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
facultative anaerobe - Answers organism that can survive with or without oxygen
binary fission - Answers type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA
and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
conjugation - Answers form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes
exchange genetic information
endospore - Answers type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that
encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
pathogen - Answers disease-causing agent
vaccine - Answers a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
antibiotic - Answers compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
virus - Answers a particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can
replicate only by infecting living cells
capsid - Answers outer protein coat of a virus
bacteriophage - Answers virus that infects bacteria
lytic infection - Answers process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and
causes the cell to burst
lysogenic infection - Answers process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host
cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
prophage - Answers the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA
species - Answers group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
population - Answers group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
autotroph - Answers organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
producer - Answers organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
photosynthesis - Answers process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy
to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars
and starches
chemosythesis - Answers process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use
chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
heterotroph - Answers organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a
consumer
consumer - Answers organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply;
also called a heterotroph
herbivore - Answers organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
carnivore - Answers organism that obtains energy by eating animals
detritivore - Answers organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter
decomposer - Answers organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic
matter
food chain - Answers series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by
eating and being eaten
phytoplankton - Answers population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found
near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
food vacuole - Answers small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores food
cilium - Answers short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in many
cells
conjugation - Answers form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes
exchange genetic information
, prokaryote - Answers unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
bacillus - Answers rod-shaped prokaryote
coccus - Answers spherical prokaryote
spirillum - Answers spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
chemoheterotroph - Answers organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and
carbon
photoautotroph - Answers organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide
and water to carbon compounds
obligate aerobe - Answers organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
obligate anaerobe - Answers organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
facultative anaerobe - Answers organism that can survive with or without oxygen
binary fission - Answers type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA
and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
conjugation - Answers form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes
exchange genetic information
endospore - Answers type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that
encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
pathogen - Answers disease-causing agent
vaccine - Answers a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
antibiotic - Answers compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
virus - Answers a particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can
replicate only by infecting living cells
capsid - Answers outer protein coat of a virus
bacteriophage - Answers virus that infects bacteria
lytic infection - Answers process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and
causes the cell to burst
lysogenic infection - Answers process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host
cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
prophage - Answers the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA
