BIO BEYOND EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
Nucleus - Answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction. Found in animal and plant cells.
Nuclear Membrane - Answers Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus. Is found in plant
and animal cells.
Nucleolus - Answers Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes. Found in both plant
and animal cells.
Chromosomes - Answers Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
Found in all cells.
Cytoplasm - Answers A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.
Found in all cells.
Cell Membrane - Answers Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves
the cell. Found in all cells.
Cytoskeleton - Answers A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the
cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
Mitochondrion - Answers Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Found in plant and animal cells.
Ribosome - Answers Makes proteins
Vacuole - Answers Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates. Found in plant and animal cells.
Plastid - Answers Cytoplasmic bodies within a plant cell that are often pigmented. Found in
plant cells.
Centriole - Answers Cell organelle that aids in cell division. Found only in animal cells.
Cell Wall - Answers A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to
the cell. Found only in plant cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. Found in plant and
animal cells.
Golgi Body - Answers A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts
of the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
, Lysosome - Answers An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Found in animal and plant
cells.
Chloroplast - Answers An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Found in plant cells.
Peroxisome - Answers A micro-body containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various
substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide. Found in plant and
animal cells.
Pili - Answers Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA.
Found in bacteria cells.
Flagellum - Answers A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to
move. Found in bacteria cells.
Microgravity in Space - Answers Weak gravity orbiting around space.
Weightlessness - Answers Not being acted on by gravity.
Effects of Microgravity on the Skeletal System(2) - Answers Pelvis, Lumbar spine, tibia, fibula,
femur and head of femur;bone loss
Osteocytes - Answers Bone cells that sense the load on a bone and signal builder-cells to
increase bone density.
Osteoblasts - Answers Bone building cells.
Osteoclasts - Answers Bone reabsorbing cells.
Effects of Loading on Bones - Answers Higher bone mass;healthier bones
Reasons Pelvis and Femur lose bones mass in space - Answers Because you are using these
bones to stand up and the effects of weightlessness affect these areas the most.
Cellular Respiration - Answers Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis - Answers The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Glucose - Answers A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Pyruvate - Answers Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis.
NAD+ - Answers Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.
NADH - Answers An energy-carrying coenzyme produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
NADH carries energy to the electron transport chain, where it is stored in ATP.
Nucleus - Answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction. Found in animal and plant cells.
Nuclear Membrane - Answers Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus. Is found in plant
and animal cells.
Nucleolus - Answers Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes. Found in both plant
and animal cells.
Chromosomes - Answers Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
Found in all cells.
Cytoplasm - Answers A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.
Found in all cells.
Cell Membrane - Answers Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves
the cell. Found in all cells.
Cytoskeleton - Answers A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the
cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
Mitochondrion - Answers Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Found in plant and animal cells.
Ribosome - Answers Makes proteins
Vacuole - Answers Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates. Found in plant and animal cells.
Plastid - Answers Cytoplasmic bodies within a plant cell that are often pigmented. Found in
plant cells.
Centriole - Answers Cell organelle that aids in cell division. Found only in animal cells.
Cell Wall - Answers A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to
the cell. Found only in plant cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. Found in plant and
animal cells.
Golgi Body - Answers A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts
of the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
, Lysosome - Answers An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Found in animal and plant
cells.
Chloroplast - Answers An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Found in plant cells.
Peroxisome - Answers A micro-body containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various
substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide. Found in plant and
animal cells.
Pili - Answers Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA.
Found in bacteria cells.
Flagellum - Answers A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to
move. Found in bacteria cells.
Microgravity in Space - Answers Weak gravity orbiting around space.
Weightlessness - Answers Not being acted on by gravity.
Effects of Microgravity on the Skeletal System(2) - Answers Pelvis, Lumbar spine, tibia, fibula,
femur and head of femur;bone loss
Osteocytes - Answers Bone cells that sense the load on a bone and signal builder-cells to
increase bone density.
Osteoblasts - Answers Bone building cells.
Osteoclasts - Answers Bone reabsorbing cells.
Effects of Loading on Bones - Answers Higher bone mass;healthier bones
Reasons Pelvis and Femur lose bones mass in space - Answers Because you are using these
bones to stand up and the effects of weightlessness affect these areas the most.
Cellular Respiration - Answers Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis - Answers The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Glucose - Answers A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Pyruvate - Answers Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis.
NAD+ - Answers Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.
NADH - Answers An energy-carrying coenzyme produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
NADH carries energy to the electron transport chain, where it is stored in ATP.
