Hemispheres 3.0 Level II Stroke
Pathophysiology questions well
answered
Ischemic Stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 87% of all strokes
Episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal cerebral, spinal or retinal infarction
Causes of ischemic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ complete blockage or reduction in cerebral
blood flow
Hemorrhagic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 13% of all strokes
Rapidly developing neurological dysfunction due to focal collection of blood within the brain,
ventricular system, or subarachnoid space that is not caused by trauma
Cause of hemorrhagic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ vessel rupture
(commonly caused by HTN or aneurysm burst)
Penumbra - correct answer ✔✔ Ischemic tissue surrounding the infarcted core
Reduced CBF due to blocked artery but has additional inflow from adjacent arteries
Salvageable with timely intervention
Can tolerate reduced CBF for 6-8 hrs with collateral flow
Hematological and metabolic factors affecting damage from stroke - correct answer ✔✔
hypercoagulable state, fever, hyper or hypoglycemia
Small vessel occlusions (SVO) - correct answer ✔✔ Lacunar
, occur in small diameter penetrating branches of cerebral arteries
Large vessel occlusions (LVO) - correct answer ✔✔ occur in large-diameter vessels within the
extracranial and intracranial circulation
Thrombotic Stroke - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when an obstructive blood clot (thrombus forms
within a vessel in the brain
Embolic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when a blood clot, fat fragment, bacteria or air
bubble (embolus) forms in another location (usually the heart) and then travels to and obstructs
an artery supplying brain tissue
Etiology of strokes - correct answer ✔✔ Cardioembolism
Larger-artery atherosclerosis (embolus/thrombus)
small vessel occlusion (lacunar stroke)
Other known cause
Undetermined (cyrptogenic)
atherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammatory disease process resulting in development of
fatty plaque deposits that build up inside arteries
Large artery atherosclerosis (aorta or ICA) - correct answer ✔✔ Can result in reduced blood flow
to the brain and stroke by:
Embolus formation when plaque breaks off, enters circulation and blocks a cerebral artery
Thrombus formation around plaque less commonly
Narrowing or stenosis
thrombotic stroke presentation - correct answer ✔✔ develops over hours, days or longer
Pathophysiology questions well
answered
Ischemic Stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 87% of all strokes
Episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal cerebral, spinal or retinal infarction
Causes of ischemic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ complete blockage or reduction in cerebral
blood flow
Hemorrhagic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 13% of all strokes
Rapidly developing neurological dysfunction due to focal collection of blood within the brain,
ventricular system, or subarachnoid space that is not caused by trauma
Cause of hemorrhagic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ vessel rupture
(commonly caused by HTN or aneurysm burst)
Penumbra - correct answer ✔✔ Ischemic tissue surrounding the infarcted core
Reduced CBF due to blocked artery but has additional inflow from adjacent arteries
Salvageable with timely intervention
Can tolerate reduced CBF for 6-8 hrs with collateral flow
Hematological and metabolic factors affecting damage from stroke - correct answer ✔✔
hypercoagulable state, fever, hyper or hypoglycemia
Small vessel occlusions (SVO) - correct answer ✔✔ Lacunar
, occur in small diameter penetrating branches of cerebral arteries
Large vessel occlusions (LVO) - correct answer ✔✔ occur in large-diameter vessels within the
extracranial and intracranial circulation
Thrombotic Stroke - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when an obstructive blood clot (thrombus forms
within a vessel in the brain
Embolic stroke - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when a blood clot, fat fragment, bacteria or air
bubble (embolus) forms in another location (usually the heart) and then travels to and obstructs
an artery supplying brain tissue
Etiology of strokes - correct answer ✔✔ Cardioembolism
Larger-artery atherosclerosis (embolus/thrombus)
small vessel occlusion (lacunar stroke)
Other known cause
Undetermined (cyrptogenic)
atherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammatory disease process resulting in development of
fatty plaque deposits that build up inside arteries
Large artery atherosclerosis (aorta or ICA) - correct answer ✔✔ Can result in reduced blood flow
to the brain and stroke by:
Embolus formation when plaque breaks off, enters circulation and blocks a cerebral artery
Thrombus formation around plaque less commonly
Narrowing or stenosis
thrombotic stroke presentation - correct answer ✔✔ develops over hours, days or longer
