Criminal Justice Today (CRJ-131-97)
Final Exam Study Guide Questions
with Verified Answers
Which of the following is not a type of risk that judicial officers consider when making
pretrial release decisions?
Select one:
a.The risk that the defendant will fail to appear at a scheduled court appearance
b.The risk to public safety
c.The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
d.The risk of flight - ANSWERSThe risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
What is the main priority of justice reinvestment?
Select one:
a.Increasing the use of fines as a punishment to create a sustained revenue stream for
the criminal justice system
b.Expanding the use of mandatory sentencing policies
c.Developing an investment portfolio to eventually allow the criminal justice system to
be self-supporting
d.Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders -
ANSWERSPrioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders
Which of the following is a characteristic of the social work model of probation and
parole?
Select one:
a.Officers must be willing to report clients for new offenses or violations of release
conditions.
b.Clients are "wards" who are controlled by probation and parole officers.
c.There is an emphasis on community protection.
d.Officers assist clients meet the conditions imposed upon them by their sentences. -
ANSWERSOfficers assist clients meet the conditions imposed upon them by their
sentences.
The emphasis on individual responsibility was a key characteristic of the ________
model.
Select one:
a.rehabilitative
b.medical
c.justice
d.evidence-based - ANSWERSjustice
Which Supreme Court case signals a return to the hands-off doctrine of earlier times?
,Select one:
a.Estelle v. Gamble
b.Wilson v. Seiter
c.Hudson v. Palmer
d.Cruz v. Beto - ANSWERSWilson v. Seiter
In about two-thirds of all adjudicated delinquency cases, the judge decides to
Select one:
a.place the juvenile on formal probation.
b.order the juvenile to pay restitution or participate in community service.
c.confine the juvenile in a secure institution.
d.order postadjudicatory review. - ANSWERSplace the juvenile on formal probation.
Which of the following best typifies the public health generalist approach to drug policy
in the U.S.?
Select one:
a.Drug use is a form of defiance of lawful authority and threatens the social fabric.
b.All controlled substances are potentially harmful.
c.Drug policy must balance the social costs of drug abuse and the costs of enforcement.
d.Drug-control policies are necessary to prevent the collapse of public order. -
ANSWERSAll controlled substances are potentially harmful.
Which country does the U.S. Department of State consider to be the most active state
sponsor of terrorism?
Select one:
a.Iraq
b.Iran
c.Cuba
d.North Korea - ANSWERSIran
Which of the following is an example of an early form of biometric technology used to
identify individuals?
Select one:
a.Voice authentication systems
b.Retinal scanning
c.Body odor sniffers
d.Fingerprinting - ANSWERSFingerprinting
Which biometric technique is considered nearly infallible from a scientific point of view
and is increasingly preferred by criminal justice experts as a method of identification?
Select one:
a.DNA analysis
b.Digital fingerprint analysis
c.Retinal scanning
d.Hand geometry - ANSWERSDNA analysis
, Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea
bargaining?
Select one:
a.Almost 75 percent
b.Almost 50 percent
c.Almost 95 percent
d.Almost 85 percent - ANSWERSAlmost 95%
In which case did the Supreme Court approve the separation of the determination of
guilt from the determination of the sentence?
Select one:
a.Furman v. Georgia
b.Wilkerson v. Utah
c.Gregg v. Georgia
d.Woodson v. North Carolina - ANSWERSGregg v. Georgia
What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the US today?
Select one:
a.Fine
b.Parole
c.Probation
d.Incarceration - ANSWERSProbation
What was the original purpose of a jail?
Select one:
a.To hold suspects following arrest and pending trial
b.To hold inmates who have been sentenced to long periods of incarceration
c.To serve as a transfer point for mentally ill offenders
d.To operate community-based programs with a custodial component - ANSWERSTo
hold suspects following arrest and pending trial
Why do constitutional rights in prison bear a strong resemblance to privileges?
Select one:
a.Because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment
b.Because most of them are optional and granted at the discretion of individual
correctional officers
c.Because they are not governed by laws external to the institution
d.Because inmates do not have automatic constitutional rights, but have to earn them -
ANSWERSBecause they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment
Juvenile justice reform that involves policymakers and administrators making direct
managerial changes is an example of a
Select one:
a.reinvestment strategy.
b.reinvention strategy.
c.resolution strategy.
Final Exam Study Guide Questions
with Verified Answers
Which of the following is not a type of risk that judicial officers consider when making
pretrial release decisions?
Select one:
a.The risk that the defendant will fail to appear at a scheduled court appearance
b.The risk to public safety
c.The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
d.The risk of flight - ANSWERSThe risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
What is the main priority of justice reinvestment?
Select one:
a.Increasing the use of fines as a punishment to create a sustained revenue stream for
the criminal justice system
b.Expanding the use of mandatory sentencing policies
c.Developing an investment portfolio to eventually allow the criminal justice system to
be self-supporting
d.Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders -
ANSWERSPrioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders
Which of the following is a characteristic of the social work model of probation and
parole?
Select one:
a.Officers must be willing to report clients for new offenses or violations of release
conditions.
b.Clients are "wards" who are controlled by probation and parole officers.
c.There is an emphasis on community protection.
d.Officers assist clients meet the conditions imposed upon them by their sentences. -
ANSWERSOfficers assist clients meet the conditions imposed upon them by their
sentences.
The emphasis on individual responsibility was a key characteristic of the ________
model.
Select one:
a.rehabilitative
b.medical
c.justice
d.evidence-based - ANSWERSjustice
Which Supreme Court case signals a return to the hands-off doctrine of earlier times?
,Select one:
a.Estelle v. Gamble
b.Wilson v. Seiter
c.Hudson v. Palmer
d.Cruz v. Beto - ANSWERSWilson v. Seiter
In about two-thirds of all adjudicated delinquency cases, the judge decides to
Select one:
a.place the juvenile on formal probation.
b.order the juvenile to pay restitution or participate in community service.
c.confine the juvenile in a secure institution.
d.order postadjudicatory review. - ANSWERSplace the juvenile on formal probation.
Which of the following best typifies the public health generalist approach to drug policy
in the U.S.?
Select one:
a.Drug use is a form of defiance of lawful authority and threatens the social fabric.
b.All controlled substances are potentially harmful.
c.Drug policy must balance the social costs of drug abuse and the costs of enforcement.
d.Drug-control policies are necessary to prevent the collapse of public order. -
ANSWERSAll controlled substances are potentially harmful.
Which country does the U.S. Department of State consider to be the most active state
sponsor of terrorism?
Select one:
a.Iraq
b.Iran
c.Cuba
d.North Korea - ANSWERSIran
Which of the following is an example of an early form of biometric technology used to
identify individuals?
Select one:
a.Voice authentication systems
b.Retinal scanning
c.Body odor sniffers
d.Fingerprinting - ANSWERSFingerprinting
Which biometric technique is considered nearly infallible from a scientific point of view
and is increasingly preferred by criminal justice experts as a method of identification?
Select one:
a.DNA analysis
b.Digital fingerprint analysis
c.Retinal scanning
d.Hand geometry - ANSWERSDNA analysis
, Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea
bargaining?
Select one:
a.Almost 75 percent
b.Almost 50 percent
c.Almost 95 percent
d.Almost 85 percent - ANSWERSAlmost 95%
In which case did the Supreme Court approve the separation of the determination of
guilt from the determination of the sentence?
Select one:
a.Furman v. Georgia
b.Wilkerson v. Utah
c.Gregg v. Georgia
d.Woodson v. North Carolina - ANSWERSGregg v. Georgia
What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the US today?
Select one:
a.Fine
b.Parole
c.Probation
d.Incarceration - ANSWERSProbation
What was the original purpose of a jail?
Select one:
a.To hold suspects following arrest and pending trial
b.To hold inmates who have been sentenced to long periods of incarceration
c.To serve as a transfer point for mentally ill offenders
d.To operate community-based programs with a custodial component - ANSWERSTo
hold suspects following arrest and pending trial
Why do constitutional rights in prison bear a strong resemblance to privileges?
Select one:
a.Because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment
b.Because most of them are optional and granted at the discretion of individual
correctional officers
c.Because they are not governed by laws external to the institution
d.Because inmates do not have automatic constitutional rights, but have to earn them -
ANSWERSBecause they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment
Juvenile justice reform that involves policymakers and administrators making direct
managerial changes is an example of a
Select one:
a.reinvestment strategy.
b.reinvention strategy.
c.resolution strategy.
