-Organic
Chemistry
Organic Molecules -
Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide ,
diamond , graphite ,
carbonates ,
carbides and
cyanides
Hydrocarbon -
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
functional An atom of atoms that form the Center of chemical activity the molecule
group group
in
-
or
compounds that differs
Homologous series -
A series of similar have the same functional
group and the same
general formula ,
in which each member
from the CH2 .
previous one
by a
single unit
Naming organic compounds :
Molecular formula Structural formula Condensed structural formula
H H
I I
Ethane : (2Ho H -
C -
C -
H CH3 CH3
I I
H H
Organic classified into
groups based their Chemical properties (Homologous groups
-
compounds are on
These
properties result of certain atoms
-
are the compounds called functional
a on
groups
There parts
-
are 2 of naming a
organic compound
1 .
The number of carbons in the main carbon chain (Prefix
2 . The
homologous series that it belongs to Suffix
substituents .
Any other the chain called
-
groups on main are
H
H H
I I I
H -
C -
G -
C5H
I
HH I
-
C -
H
substituent
H
-
group Methyl
2-methyl propane
Allocating prefixi
-
Determine number of carbons in the main chain
The
longest carbon chainMain chaind must of the functional have the simplest side chains .
-
consist and
group
Carbon chains do not be
to
straight line
-
have a
bend H
They can
-
I
H -
c 0 H Main Carbon chain
-
=
=
H
Prefix based on length of carbon chain: 4 H
I
I I H
- S I I
↑ in
~
2C 3C 4 5C 62 S C
-
To
H
-
c -
c -
C -
-
C -
C -
H
Eth-Prop-But-Pent-Hex-Hept-Oct- H ii I H H
-
H
4 H
- -
, ·
Al Kanes
c C
Alkenes bonds
=
Double
Position
OH
Hydroxyl group
-
20 gicOa
-
Carboxylic acids Carboxyl anoic
group
-
-
H
O
11
Esters
↑ -
>
Continuation of the carbon chain
* If the functional di- trit to *
multiple over some
group
add or suffix etc .
Substituent :
groups
Substituent Substituent Name
group
↓#
CH3
Alkyl
-
group
Alkyl group
* substituents are added to the
beginning
the
Halog en (x) of name
*
Must be named in alphabetical order *
(x)
Halogen
Halogen (x
Halogen (x
I
Positioning :
All functional (resides alkanes and carboxylic acids) and substituents must be allocated to number the
-
on main carbon chain .
groups a
must be from end closest
-
The carbon chain numbered the carbon to the functional group (or which side has more functional groups
-
Alkanes carbon chain must be numbered from the end carbon closest to a substituent.
Hex-2-ene 2-methylpentane
H
H
-
c
-
H
H (
H
-
Double bond between it ↑ [H1
H
-
Methyl substituent is
↳ 3 and 22 number C, (2 C- (2
C-
C On
itCCC-4
H
- -
-
- -
H
H
-
-
, 5
from lowest Carbon iii i h :
2-methyl ...
-
There must always be a dash between numbers and letters
and
must always be comma between numbers numbers
-
There a
substituents and roof
No between
name/Homologous series
-
space
Chemistry
Organic Molecules -
Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide ,
diamond , graphite ,
carbonates ,
carbides and
cyanides
Hydrocarbon -
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
functional An atom of atoms that form the Center of chemical activity the molecule
group group
in
-
or
compounds that differs
Homologous series -
A series of similar have the same functional
group and the same
general formula ,
in which each member
from the CH2 .
previous one
by a
single unit
Naming organic compounds :
Molecular formula Structural formula Condensed structural formula
H H
I I
Ethane : (2Ho H -
C -
C -
H CH3 CH3
I I
H H
Organic classified into
groups based their Chemical properties (Homologous groups
-
compounds are on
These
properties result of certain atoms
-
are the compounds called functional
a on
groups
There parts
-
are 2 of naming a
organic compound
1 .
The number of carbons in the main carbon chain (Prefix
2 . The
homologous series that it belongs to Suffix
substituents .
Any other the chain called
-
groups on main are
H
H H
I I I
H -
C -
G -
C5H
I
HH I
-
C -
H
substituent
H
-
group Methyl
2-methyl propane
Allocating prefixi
-
Determine number of carbons in the main chain
The
longest carbon chainMain chaind must of the functional have the simplest side chains .
-
consist and
group
Carbon chains do not be
to
straight line
-
have a
bend H
They can
-
I
H -
c 0 H Main Carbon chain
-
=
=
H
Prefix based on length of carbon chain: 4 H
I
I I H
- S I I
↑ in
~
2C 3C 4 5C 62 S C
-
To
H
-
c -
c -
C -
-
C -
C -
H
Eth-Prop-But-Pent-Hex-Hept-Oct- H ii I H H
-
H
4 H
- -
, ·
Al Kanes
c C
Alkenes bonds
=
Double
Position
OH
Hydroxyl group
-
20 gicOa
-
Carboxylic acids Carboxyl anoic
group
-
-
H
O
11
Esters
↑ -
>
Continuation of the carbon chain
* If the functional di- trit to *
multiple over some
group
add or suffix etc .
Substituent :
groups
Substituent Substituent Name
group
↓#
CH3
Alkyl
-
group
Alkyl group
* substituents are added to the
beginning
the
Halog en (x) of name
*
Must be named in alphabetical order *
(x)
Halogen
Halogen (x
Halogen (x
I
Positioning :
All functional (resides alkanes and carboxylic acids) and substituents must be allocated to number the
-
on main carbon chain .
groups a
must be from end closest
-
The carbon chain numbered the carbon to the functional group (or which side has more functional groups
-
Alkanes carbon chain must be numbered from the end carbon closest to a substituent.
Hex-2-ene 2-methylpentane
H
H
-
c
-
H
H (
H
-
Double bond between it ↑ [H1
H
-
Methyl substituent is
↳ 3 and 22 number C, (2 C- (2
C-
C On
itCCC-4
H
- -
-
- -
H
H
-
-
, 5
from lowest Carbon iii i h :
2-methyl ...
-
There must always be a dash between numbers and letters
and
must always be comma between numbers numbers
-
There a
substituents and roof
No between
name/Homologous series
-
space
