Psychology exam test quiz and
answers graded A+
___ degrees of separation - ANS✅✅- shortest connection between you and someone else
- can find a path between *2* people
- roughly 3.6 degrees between you and someone else
- 8 degrees of separation between you and Wilhelm Wundt
6 basic emotions - ANS✅✅anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise
Carl E. Seashore - ANS✅✅-worked at the University of Iowa
-MUSIC PSYCHOLOGY
-dean of liberal arts and sciences (LIB)
-focus on development of those who are truly talented
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅- known as father of psychology
- developed introspection (SELF REFLECTION look inside) which LEAD TO structuralism
- Found time lag between hearing sound and signaling they heard it / describe whats going when
played
- wanted to measure "atoms of the mind", structure of mental processes
Edward Boring's proposal - ANS✅✅psychology rests on two pillars:
- philosophy
- physiology
2 Pillars of Psychology (foundations of psychology) - ANS✅✅- proposed by professor Boring:
(1) PHILOSOPHY:
-->Socrates, Hume, Locke, Aristotle
-->Nature (born with) v. Nurture (environment)
,(2)PHYSIOLOGY:
-->Helmhota, Darwin, Muller
-->NEURAL COMMUNICATION: can be measured, suggesting mental processes might be measured
Structuralism - ANS✅✅- The "what"
emerged from introspection***
- understand complex Structure of human mind & break them down
-"tell me what you're experiencing"
-not many agree with idea
- early school of thought promoted by Wundt & Titchner
Functionalism - ANS✅✅Key ? = How do thoughts naturally flow and change w enviro?... stream of
consciousness
-more than just tiny parts
-****opposed structuralism (not continuously the same)
*WON IN END*
---> by James & influenced by Darwin;
- how mental & behavioral processes work to adapt, survive, & flourish
Behaviorism - ANS✅✅-reaction against introspection
-only study observable behavior; hidden mental processes should not be studied
-Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F Skinner
-can be observed multiple times over
Computational Theory of Mind - ANS✅✅-why we think the way we do
-longterm memory v. short term
Cognitive Revolution - ANS✅✅-we all have thoughts that are not observable
-psychology *can* study hidden mental processes such as memory, attention, stereotypes, beliefs,
etc.
,-mind is like a computer
*computational theory of mind*``
Reactions to Freud - ANS✅✅(1950's) -- this all influenced where we are today
-Freud believed that all behavior is caused by *inner conflict*
-THE PROBLEM: over looks problems of what causes a person to feel _______ = HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY (emphasizes with patient without Freud's viewpoint)
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅*all about the UNCONSCIOUS* and that it is DARKKK
-all details of his ideas probably wrong
-there are hidden influences behind our behavior
- DREAM INTERPRETATION
-it is true that the unconscious does influence behavior *but* it's limited!
Correlational Research - ANS✅✅-examine how 2 or more variables interact with each other
-naturally occurring behaviors
Experimental Research - ANS✅✅-researcher manipulates 1 variable & measures effects of the
manipulation on another
- random assignment
3rd variable - ANS✅✅-will effect both; Z (third variable) will effect both X & Y
Theory - ANS✅✅-supported by an operational definition
---> FROM THE BOOK: an explanation using an integrated see of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
Operational Definition - ANS✅✅-a way to measure what you want to measure
---> FROM THE BOOK: a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures/operations used in a
research study [IE: human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test
measures
Hypothesis - ANS✅✅-statement/prediction we can systematically test
, --->FROM THE BOOK: a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Independent Variables (IV) - ANS✅✅-manipulated by expire expirementor (control v. experimental
group)
--->FROM THE BOOK: in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is
being studied
Dependent Variables (DV) - ANS✅✅-measured
---> FROM THE BOOK: in an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may
change when the independent variable is manipulated
Confederate - ANS✅✅a person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can
be manipulated
external validity - ANS✅✅the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people REAL WORLD ISSUES
internal validity - ANS✅✅extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
Bias - ANS✅✅-systematically affects participant performance
Demand Characteristics - ANS✅✅-cues that reveal what the experimenters expectations of the
participants are to them
Placebo Effects - ANS✅✅-reason fro double-line studies [neither the participants nor those who
administer the drug or placebo and collect the data will know which group is receiving treatment]
---> FROM THE BOOK: experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior
caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient issues is an
active agent {well documented in reducing pain, depression, and anxiety}
Psychokinesis - ANS✅✅-the ability to affect physical objects with the mind
Psi Phenomena - ANS✅✅-a broad term for both extrasensory perception (ESP) & psychokinesis,
the ability to affect physical objects with the mind
answers graded A+
___ degrees of separation - ANS✅✅- shortest connection between you and someone else
- can find a path between *2* people
- roughly 3.6 degrees between you and someone else
- 8 degrees of separation between you and Wilhelm Wundt
6 basic emotions - ANS✅✅anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise
Carl E. Seashore - ANS✅✅-worked at the University of Iowa
-MUSIC PSYCHOLOGY
-dean of liberal arts and sciences (LIB)
-focus on development of those who are truly talented
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅- known as father of psychology
- developed introspection (SELF REFLECTION look inside) which LEAD TO structuralism
- Found time lag between hearing sound and signaling they heard it / describe whats going when
played
- wanted to measure "atoms of the mind", structure of mental processes
Edward Boring's proposal - ANS✅✅psychology rests on two pillars:
- philosophy
- physiology
2 Pillars of Psychology (foundations of psychology) - ANS✅✅- proposed by professor Boring:
(1) PHILOSOPHY:
-->Socrates, Hume, Locke, Aristotle
-->Nature (born with) v. Nurture (environment)
,(2)PHYSIOLOGY:
-->Helmhota, Darwin, Muller
-->NEURAL COMMUNICATION: can be measured, suggesting mental processes might be measured
Structuralism - ANS✅✅- The "what"
emerged from introspection***
- understand complex Structure of human mind & break them down
-"tell me what you're experiencing"
-not many agree with idea
- early school of thought promoted by Wundt & Titchner
Functionalism - ANS✅✅Key ? = How do thoughts naturally flow and change w enviro?... stream of
consciousness
-more than just tiny parts
-****opposed structuralism (not continuously the same)
*WON IN END*
---> by James & influenced by Darwin;
- how mental & behavioral processes work to adapt, survive, & flourish
Behaviorism - ANS✅✅-reaction against introspection
-only study observable behavior; hidden mental processes should not be studied
-Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F Skinner
-can be observed multiple times over
Computational Theory of Mind - ANS✅✅-why we think the way we do
-longterm memory v. short term
Cognitive Revolution - ANS✅✅-we all have thoughts that are not observable
-psychology *can* study hidden mental processes such as memory, attention, stereotypes, beliefs,
etc.
,-mind is like a computer
*computational theory of mind*``
Reactions to Freud - ANS✅✅(1950's) -- this all influenced where we are today
-Freud believed that all behavior is caused by *inner conflict*
-THE PROBLEM: over looks problems of what causes a person to feel _______ = HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY (emphasizes with patient without Freud's viewpoint)
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅*all about the UNCONSCIOUS* and that it is DARKKK
-all details of his ideas probably wrong
-there are hidden influences behind our behavior
- DREAM INTERPRETATION
-it is true that the unconscious does influence behavior *but* it's limited!
Correlational Research - ANS✅✅-examine how 2 or more variables interact with each other
-naturally occurring behaviors
Experimental Research - ANS✅✅-researcher manipulates 1 variable & measures effects of the
manipulation on another
- random assignment
3rd variable - ANS✅✅-will effect both; Z (third variable) will effect both X & Y
Theory - ANS✅✅-supported by an operational definition
---> FROM THE BOOK: an explanation using an integrated see of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
Operational Definition - ANS✅✅-a way to measure what you want to measure
---> FROM THE BOOK: a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures/operations used in a
research study [IE: human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test
measures
Hypothesis - ANS✅✅-statement/prediction we can systematically test
, --->FROM THE BOOK: a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Independent Variables (IV) - ANS✅✅-manipulated by expire expirementor (control v. experimental
group)
--->FROM THE BOOK: in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is
being studied
Dependent Variables (DV) - ANS✅✅-measured
---> FROM THE BOOK: in an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may
change when the independent variable is manipulated
Confederate - ANS✅✅a person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can
be manipulated
external validity - ANS✅✅the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people REAL WORLD ISSUES
internal validity - ANS✅✅extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
Bias - ANS✅✅-systematically affects participant performance
Demand Characteristics - ANS✅✅-cues that reveal what the experimenters expectations of the
participants are to them
Placebo Effects - ANS✅✅-reason fro double-line studies [neither the participants nor those who
administer the drug or placebo and collect the data will know which group is receiving treatment]
---> FROM THE BOOK: experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior
caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient issues is an
active agent {well documented in reducing pain, depression, and anxiety}
Psychokinesis - ANS✅✅-the ability to affect physical objects with the mind
Psi Phenomena - ANS✅✅-a broad term for both extrasensory perception (ESP) & psychokinesis,
the ability to affect physical objects with the mind
