.
,.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
c c c c c c
LEARNINGcOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describecthecscopecandcgoalscofccognitivecpsychology.
1.2. UnderstandctheccasecofcH.M.,candcthecmanycwayscthatcmemorycinfluencescourclives.
1.3. Describectheclimitationscofcintrospectioncascacmethodcforcscientificcinquiry.
1.4. Comparecandccontrastcclassicalc(Watsonian)cbehaviorismcandccognitivecpsychology.
1.5. Kant’sc“transcendentalcmethod”ciscsometimesccalledc“inferencectocbestcexplanation.”cExplaincthiscmethodcandchowcitworks.
1.6. Describecthecrole,cincthecemergencecofccognitivecpsychology,cthatcwascplayedcbyccomputercsciencecandcthecdevelop-
mentcofc“computercintelligence.”
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
1. WhichcofcthecfollowingctopicsciscNOTccommonlycstudiedc withinccognitivecpsychology?
a. angercmanagement c. memory
b. decisioncmaking d. Attention
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychologycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cUnderstanding
2. CognitivecprocessescarecNOTcnecessarycforc whichcdailycactivity?
a. readingcacnewspaper c. talkingconcthecphone
b. studyingcforcactest d. breathing
ANS:c D DIF: Easy REF: ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssacwantsctocbecacpsychologistcbutciscunsurecwhichctopiccwithincpsychologycmostcinterestscher.cWhichcofcthecf
ollowingctopicscwouldcbecLEASTclikelyctocleadchercintoccognitivecpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymecdisease
b. languagecacquisition d. problem-solvingc strategies
, .
ANS:c C DIF: Easy REF:
ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychologycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cApplying
4. Considercthecsequencec“BetsycwantedctocbringcJacobcacpresent.cShecshookchercpiggycbank.”cMostcpeople,cafterchea
ringcthiscsequence,cbelievecBetsycwasccheckingchercpiggycbankctocseecifcshechadcmoneyctocspendconcthecgift.cThiscinferencecaboutcBets
y’scgoalscdependsconcthecfactcthat
a. ourcpreviouscknowledgecfillscincbackgroundcinformationcwhenevercwe’recunderstandingcanceventc
orcconversation.
b. readerscareclikelyctocknowcsomeonecnamedcJacob.
c. English,cunlikecotherclanguages,crequirescspeakersctocmentioncallcofcthecpeoplecinvolvedcincanc
event.
d. thecindividualcsentencescarecshort.
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
ThecBroadcRolecforcMemorycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cUnderstanding
5. WhichcofcthecfollowingcstatementsciscLEASTclikelyctocapplyctocpatientcH.M.?
a. “Heccannotcremembercwhatchecdidcearlierctoday,cincludingceventscthatctookcplacecjustcanchourcago.”
b. “Hecreadcthiscstoryclastcmonth,cbutchecwascstillcsurprisedcbychowcthecstorycturnedcout.”
c. “Evencthoughchechascencounteredcthecnursecmanyctimes,checiscstillcunablectocrecognizecher.”
d. “Hecrememberedcthatcitcwasconlycacweekcagocthatche’dcheardcthecsadcnewscthatchiscunclechadcdied.”
ANS:c D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiacandcMemorycLosscOBJ: 1.2 MSC:cApplying
6. ResearchcwithcH.M.cprovidescancillustrationcforcwhichcmajorcthemecofcthecchapter?
a. Introspectionciscancimportantcresearchctoolcforccognitivecpsychologists.
b. Cognitivecpsychologyccanchelpcuscunderstandcacwidecrangecofcactivitiescthatcdependconcsomeone’sc
abilityctocremember.
c. Memoryciscnotcverycimportant.
d. Thecdisruptionccausedcbycbraincdamagecdependsconchowcwidespreadcthecdamagecis,candcnotconcthecs
pecificcsitescthatcarecdamaged.
ANS:c c B DIF: Moderate REF: ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientscsufferingcfromcclinicalcamnesiacareccharacterizedcby
a. memorycdysfunction. c. inarticulatecspeech.
b. ancinabilityctocrecognizecpatterns. d. impairedclanguageccomprehension.
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiacandcMemorycLosscOBJ: 1.2 MSC:cRemembering
8. Thectermc“introspection”crefersctocthe
a. processcbycwhichconecindividualcseeksctocinfercthecthoughtscofcanothercindividual.
b. procedurecofcexaminingcthoughtcprocessingcbycmonitoringcthecbrain’scelectricalc activity.
,.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
c c c c c c
LEARNINGcOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describecthecscopecandcgoalscofccognitivecpsychology.
1.2. UnderstandctheccasecofcH.M.,candcthecmanycwayscthatcmemorycinfluencescourclives.
1.3. Describectheclimitationscofcintrospectioncascacmethodcforcscientificcinquiry.
1.4. Comparecandccontrastcclassicalc(Watsonian)cbehaviorismcandccognitivecpsychology.
1.5. Kant’sc“transcendentalcmethod”ciscsometimesccalledc“inferencectocbestcexplanation.”cExplaincthiscmethodcandchowcitworks.
1.6. Describecthecrole,cincthecemergencecofccognitivecpsychology,cthatcwascplayedcbyccomputercsciencecandcthecdevelop-
mentcofc“computercintelligence.”
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
1. WhichcofcthecfollowingctopicsciscNOTccommonlycstudiedc withinccognitivecpsychology?
a. angercmanagement c. memory
b. decisioncmaking d. Attention
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychologycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cUnderstanding
2. CognitivecprocessescarecNOTcnecessarycforc whichcdailycactivity?
a. readingcacnewspaper c. talkingconcthecphone
b. studyingcforcactest d. breathing
ANS:c D DIF: Easy REF: ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssacwantsctocbecacpsychologistcbutciscunsurecwhichctopiccwithincpsychologycmostcinterestscher.cWhichcofcthecf
ollowingctopicscwouldcbecLEASTclikelyctocleadchercintoccognitivecpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymecdisease
b. languagecacquisition d. problem-solvingc strategies
, .
ANS:c C DIF: Easy REF:
ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychologycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cApplying
4. Considercthecsequencec“BetsycwantedctocbringcJacobcacpresent.cShecshookchercpiggycbank.”cMostcpeople,cafterchea
ringcthiscsequence,cbelievecBetsycwasccheckingchercpiggycbankctocseecifcshechadcmoneyctocspendconcthecgift.cThiscinferencecaboutcBets
y’scgoalscdependsconcthecfactcthat
a. ourcpreviouscknowledgecfillscincbackgroundcinformationcwhenevercwe’recunderstandingcanceventc
orcconversation.
b. readerscareclikelyctocknowcsomeonecnamedcJacob.
c. English,cunlikecotherclanguages,crequirescspeakersctocmentioncallcofcthecpeoplecinvolvedcincanc
event.
d. thecindividualcsentencescarecshort.
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
ThecBroadcRolecforcMemorycOBJ: 1.1 MSC:cUnderstanding
5. WhichcofcthecfollowingcstatementsciscLEASTclikelyctocapplyctocpatientcH.M.?
a. “Heccannotcremembercwhatchecdidcearlierctoday,cincludingceventscthatctookcplacecjustcanchourcago.”
b. “Hecreadcthiscstoryclastcmonth,cbutchecwascstillcsurprisedcbychowcthecstorycturnedcout.”
c. “Evencthoughchechascencounteredcthecnursecmanyctimes,checiscstillcunablectocrecognizecher.”
d. “Hecrememberedcthatcitcwasconlycacweekcagocthatche’dcheardcthecsadcnewscthatchiscunclechadcdied.”
ANS:c D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiacandcMemorycLosscOBJ: 1.2 MSC:cApplying
6. ResearchcwithcH.M.cprovidescancillustrationcforcwhichcmajorcthemecofcthecchapter?
a. Introspectionciscancimportantcresearchctoolcforccognitivecpsychologists.
b. Cognitivecpsychologyccanchelpcuscunderstandcacwidecrangecofcactivitiescthatcdependconcsomeone’sc
abilityctocremember.
c. Memoryciscnotcverycimportant.
d. Thecdisruptionccausedcbycbraincdamagecdependsconchowcwidespreadcthecdamagecis,candcnotconcthecs
pecificcsitescthatcarecdamaged.
ANS:c c B DIF: Moderate REF: ThecScopecofcCognitivecPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientscsufferingcfromcclinicalcamnesiacareccharacterizedcby
a. memorycdysfunction. c. inarticulatecspeech.
b. ancinabilityctocrecognizecpatterns. d. impairedclanguageccomprehension.
ANS:c A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiacandcMemorycLosscOBJ: 1.2 MSC:cRemembering
8. Thectermc“introspection”crefersctocthe
a. processcbycwhichconecindividualcseeksctocinfercthecthoughtscofcanothercindividual.
b. procedurecofcexaminingcthoughtcprocessingcbycmonitoringcthecbrain’scelectricalc activity.
