NSC Adv. CPR - First Aid (Study
Questions Ch. 1-11)
Emergencies - How to be prepared - ANSWER-Know what to do
Be ready anytime
Know how to get medical care for the victim
Blood - Common serious blood borne diseases. - ANSWER-AIDS / HIV / Hepatitis B /
Hepatitis C
9-1-1 - When you should call... - ANSWER-If the victim has a life threatening condition,
unresponsive, condition worsens or becomes life threatening, if moving the victim would
do more harm.
9-1-1 - Information to give the dispatcher. - ANSWER-your name
phone number of where you are calling from
your location and location of victim
describe situation and any special circumstances where medical equipment may be
needed
explain victims condition (responsiveness) gender/approximate age of victim
what is currently being done.
Transmission of Diseases
Transmission of a pathogen from one person to another can happen - Directly (contact
w/the infected person) or Indirectly (contact with contaminated objects, food, drink,
droplets in the air, or vectors such as insects). - ANSWER-Bloodborne transmission
may happen from contact with an infected persons blood, other bodily fluid or through
infectious material allowing the infectious material to enter the body thru mucous
membranes or non-intact skin.
Airborne transmission happens when the person may inhale tiny droplets from the air.
(indirect)
Bleeding control mechanism: Clotting - ANSWER-CLOTTING: (coagulation) is the
process in which fibrin produced from blood proteins clumps together with platelets and
other blood cells in a fibrin web to seal the leak in the vessel.
, Bleeding - External - MINOR - ANSWER-For MINOR bleeding that stops by itself, clean
and dress the wound. Should stop by itself or with light pressure on the dressing, such
as pressure provided by an adhesive bandage around a cut finger.
Bleeding - VESSEL DAMAGE - how to control SERIOUS damage. - ANSWER-With
SERIOUS VESSEL DAMAGE pressure may have to be maintained for some time
before closing is successful. Releasing pressure on the wound to soon would allow the
normal blood pressure to break through the dam made of platelets, fibrin and other
cells, this is also why you should add more dressings rather than removing the first
dressings, removing them would release pressure and remove blood that is clotting.
Direct pressure should not be put on certain wounds, such as skull fractures or objects
impaled in the wound because the pressure may cause additional damage. In such
cases pressure is applied around the wound or object.
Bleeding - External - SERIOUS. - ANSWER-For more SERIOUS bleeding, first aid
needed immediately to stop bleeding. Pressing directly on the wound with a sterile
dressing and your gloved hand (improvise w/any impermeable substance as a barrier to
prevent contact if no gloves available) w/sufficient pressure in most cases controls
bleeding by squeezing shut the bleeding vessel at the point where its damaged and
stops the blood from flowing out. When the blood stops flowing the natural body
processes involved in clotting have a chance to function more effectively because
platelets and fibrin are not "washed out" of the damaged area by the flow of blood. This
is why sometimes pressure is needed only for a short time - the body's nature
processes control the bleeding once they have an opportunity to work.
Shock - Common types/causes of shock. - ANSWER--Hypovolemic shock: when blood
volume drops
-Cardiogenic shock: any condition such as heart attack causes heart function to be
reduced to point blood is not circulating sufficiently.
-Neuogenic shock: nervous system problem allows vessels to dilate to point volume is
not sufficient to fill blood vessels to pump to vital organs
-Anaphylactic shock: resulting from an extreme allergic reaction (also called
anaphylaxis)
BANDAGING - 3 types of injuries you could use a pressure bandage for. - ANSWER--
To maintain pressure in a wound IN AN EXTREMITY
- ANKLE - KNEE - ARM
Bleeding - Internal - signs and symptoms - ANSWER-Abdomen is tender, swollen,
bruised or hard
Blood vomited or coughed up or present in urine or stool (bloody, black or tarry)
Cool, clammy skin; may be pale, bluish or ashen in color
thirst, possible confusion or lightheadedness
Blood loss (SEVERE) - what happens inside the body. - ANSWER-The brain, heart and
other organs need oxygen continuously - reduction in blood flow can cause shock.
Questions Ch. 1-11)
Emergencies - How to be prepared - ANSWER-Know what to do
Be ready anytime
Know how to get medical care for the victim
Blood - Common serious blood borne diseases. - ANSWER-AIDS / HIV / Hepatitis B /
Hepatitis C
9-1-1 - When you should call... - ANSWER-If the victim has a life threatening condition,
unresponsive, condition worsens or becomes life threatening, if moving the victim would
do more harm.
9-1-1 - Information to give the dispatcher. - ANSWER-your name
phone number of where you are calling from
your location and location of victim
describe situation and any special circumstances where medical equipment may be
needed
explain victims condition (responsiveness) gender/approximate age of victim
what is currently being done.
Transmission of Diseases
Transmission of a pathogen from one person to another can happen - Directly (contact
w/the infected person) or Indirectly (contact with contaminated objects, food, drink,
droplets in the air, or vectors such as insects). - ANSWER-Bloodborne transmission
may happen from contact with an infected persons blood, other bodily fluid or through
infectious material allowing the infectious material to enter the body thru mucous
membranes or non-intact skin.
Airborne transmission happens when the person may inhale tiny droplets from the air.
(indirect)
Bleeding control mechanism: Clotting - ANSWER-CLOTTING: (coagulation) is the
process in which fibrin produced from blood proteins clumps together with platelets and
other blood cells in a fibrin web to seal the leak in the vessel.
, Bleeding - External - MINOR - ANSWER-For MINOR bleeding that stops by itself, clean
and dress the wound. Should stop by itself or with light pressure on the dressing, such
as pressure provided by an adhesive bandage around a cut finger.
Bleeding - VESSEL DAMAGE - how to control SERIOUS damage. - ANSWER-With
SERIOUS VESSEL DAMAGE pressure may have to be maintained for some time
before closing is successful. Releasing pressure on the wound to soon would allow the
normal blood pressure to break through the dam made of platelets, fibrin and other
cells, this is also why you should add more dressings rather than removing the first
dressings, removing them would release pressure and remove blood that is clotting.
Direct pressure should not be put on certain wounds, such as skull fractures or objects
impaled in the wound because the pressure may cause additional damage. In such
cases pressure is applied around the wound or object.
Bleeding - External - SERIOUS. - ANSWER-For more SERIOUS bleeding, first aid
needed immediately to stop bleeding. Pressing directly on the wound with a sterile
dressing and your gloved hand (improvise w/any impermeable substance as a barrier to
prevent contact if no gloves available) w/sufficient pressure in most cases controls
bleeding by squeezing shut the bleeding vessel at the point where its damaged and
stops the blood from flowing out. When the blood stops flowing the natural body
processes involved in clotting have a chance to function more effectively because
platelets and fibrin are not "washed out" of the damaged area by the flow of blood. This
is why sometimes pressure is needed only for a short time - the body's nature
processes control the bleeding once they have an opportunity to work.
Shock - Common types/causes of shock. - ANSWER--Hypovolemic shock: when blood
volume drops
-Cardiogenic shock: any condition such as heart attack causes heart function to be
reduced to point blood is not circulating sufficiently.
-Neuogenic shock: nervous system problem allows vessels to dilate to point volume is
not sufficient to fill blood vessels to pump to vital organs
-Anaphylactic shock: resulting from an extreme allergic reaction (also called
anaphylaxis)
BANDAGING - 3 types of injuries you could use a pressure bandage for. - ANSWER--
To maintain pressure in a wound IN AN EXTREMITY
- ANKLE - KNEE - ARM
Bleeding - Internal - signs and symptoms - ANSWER-Abdomen is tender, swollen,
bruised or hard
Blood vomited or coughed up or present in urine or stool (bloody, black or tarry)
Cool, clammy skin; may be pale, bluish or ashen in color
thirst, possible confusion or lightheadedness
Blood loss (SEVERE) - what happens inside the body. - ANSWER-The brain, heart and
other organs need oxygen continuously - reduction in blood flow can cause shock.
