Psychology Exam questions and answers graded A+

Psychology Exam questions and
answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅The science of processes and behaviors



What are the values of Psychology? - ANS✅✅1. empirical evidence

2. critical thinking

3. systematic research methods



What are the goals of Psychology? - ANS✅✅1. description

2. explanation

3. prediction

4. facilitating changes (therapy)



Aristotle - ANS✅✅Lived from 384 to 322. Believed that knowledge was acquired through
experience



Nature Vs. Nurture - ANS✅✅Are a persons characteristics mostly inborn or learned?



Four Laws of Association - ANS✅✅1. Law of Similarity

2. Law of Contrast

3. Law of Contiguity

4. Law of Frequency



Descartes - ANS✅✅French Philosopher (1596-1650)

Believed that behavior was controlled by the mind or will; we freely choose our actions



Ernst Heinrich Weber - ANS✅✅(1795-1878)

- Psychologist at Leipzig.

- Introduced Just Noticeable Differences as the unit of measure (ratio of weight)

,Gustav Fechner - ANS✅✅(1801-1887) Formalized and developed Weber's Law; showed that it
implied a relationship between stimulus intensity and the intensity of sensation.



Herman Ebbinghaus - ANS✅✅(1850- 1909)

- Inspired by Fechner to discover quantitative order in higher mental processes.

- Great innovator

- Influence has lasted over 100 years

- Developer of the Learning Curve (as time passes we remember less)



William James - ANS✅✅(1842-1910)

- Wrote "The Principles of Psychology" published in 1890

- Believed the mind was a stream of consciousness

- Studied various groups, not just individuals

- Trained as an MD

- Taught Psychology and Philosophy at Howard

- Established a teaching lab in 1875



1879 - ANS✅✅Psychology becomes a science, first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.



Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅- First true Psychologist

- Research assistant for Hermann Helmholtz

- Wrote "Contributions Towards a Theory of Science Perception" in 1862

- Saw Psychology as falling between the physical sciences and social sciences



Introspection - ANS✅✅Looking inside oneself



Edward Bradford Titchener - ANS✅✅- Popularized Wundt's Psychology and brought it to the
United States

- Used introspection to uncover components of thought



Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅- Evolution

- Offered an account for transmutation: Natural Selection to explain the adaptivity of traits

, Mary Calkins - ANS✅✅- One of the first women in the field of Psychology

- Never received the PhD she earned from Harvard



Psychophysics - ANS✅✅Focuses on the relationship between sensory stimuli and perceptual
experience



Behaviorism - ANS✅✅Focuses on objective and measurable behaviors



Humanistic Psychology - ANS✅✅Emphasizes the inner-self and the importance of subjective
feelings



Cognitive Psychology - ANS✅✅Focuses on mental functioning and reasoning



Psychobiology - ANS✅✅Views behavior as reflecting brain processes



Evolutionary Psychology - ANS✅✅Certain behavioral characteristics are subject to natural
selection



Cultural Psychology - ANS✅✅Examines the influence of culture and ethnic practices on people's
behavior



Counseling Psychology - ANS✅✅Assess and evaluates individuals problems through the use of
case history, interview, and observation, and provide individual or group counseling services.



Developmental Psychology - ANS✅✅Study and research the emotional, mental, physical, and
social growth and development of individuals from birth to death, to increase understanding of
human behavior and processes of human growth and development



Scientific Method - ANS✅✅All propositions be subjects to an empirical test.



Empiricism - ANS✅✅Practice based on experiment and observation