UTA NURS 5334 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRRECT SOLUTIONS||ALREADY
GRADED A+||UPDATED
2025/2026||100% GUARANTEED
PASS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>||
Aluminum Antacids - ANSWER ✓ Causes constipation.
Magnesium Antacids - ANSWER ✓ Causes diarrhea.
Depot MPA - ANSWER ✓ Progestin; associated with bone loss risk (women's
health crossover).
Loperamide - ANSWER ✓ First-line antidiarrheal but avoid in severe colitis.
Ondansetron - ANSWER ✓ Safe in kids ≥4 y (chemo); avoid phenothiazines <2 y.
Colonization - ANSWER ✓ Microbe present without tissue invasion or symptoms
(e.g., nasal S. aureus carriage).
Infection - ANSWER ✓ Invasion + host response → symptoms/signs (fever,
leukocytosis, inflammation).
Differentiation of Infection - ANSWER ✓ Triangulate history (exposure, risk
factors), exam (localizing signs), and labs/cultures (gram stain, growth ± rapid ID
like PCR/MALDI-TOF). Always obtain cultures before starting empiric therapy.
Key Point - ANSWER ✓ Don't "treat a positive culture"—treat infection, not
colonization.
Wrong bug/wrong drug - ANSWER ✓ No activity vs pathogen; unrecognized
atypical/anaerobe.
,Inadequate PK at site - ANSWER ✓ BBB/prostate/bone/abscess; need drainage.
Resistance - ANSWER ✓ β-lactamase, altered PBP, efflux, porin loss.
Host factors - ANSWER ✓ Immunocompromise, foreign body/biofilm.
Adherence/dose/duration problems - ANSWER ✓ Superinfection (e.g., C.
difficile).
Cell wall inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ β-lactams (PCNs, cephalosporins,
carbapenems, monobactam), glycopeptides (vancomycin). Time-dependent kill;
target PBPs or peptidoglycan.
Protein synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ Aminoglycosides (30S, cidal,
concentration-dependent), tetracyclines (30S, static),
macrolides/lincosamides/oxazolidinones (50S, mostly static).
DNA/RNA agents - ANSWER ✓ Fluoroquinolones (DNA gyrase/Topo IV),
metronidazole (DNA damage in anaerobes), rifamycins (RNA polymerase).
Best practices to curb resistance - ANSWER ✓ Culture before therapy; start
empiric only when needed; de-escalate to narrow agent; right dose/interval (PK/PD
targets: time>MIC vs Cmax/MIC vs AUC/MIC); shortest effective duration; avoid
unnecessary combos; infection-control (hand hygiene, source control).
Extended/continuous infusions of β-lactams - ANSWER ✓ Can maximize
time>MIC and improve outcomes in severe infections.
Penicillins — MOA - ANSWER ✓ β-lactam ring binds PBPs → blocks
transpeptidation → weak wall → lysis (cidal, time-dependent).
Penicillins — Resistance - ANSWER ✓ Via β-lactamases, altered PBPs, ↓
permeability.
Narrow, penicillinase-sensitive - ANSWER ✓ Pen G/V — Strep, some Gram-,
spirochetes (syphilis DOC).
, Narrow, penicillinase-resistant - ANSWER ✓ Nafcillin/dicloxacillin — MSSA
(not MRSA).
Broad (aminopenicillins) - ANSWER ✓ Amoxicillin/ampicillin — add H. flu, E.
coli, Proteus; enterococcus.
Extended-spectrum (antipseudomonal) - ANSWER ✓ Piperacillin (± tazobactam)
— Pseudomonas + broader Gram-.
Penicillinase inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ Clavulanate/sulbactam/tazobactam:
irreversible β-lactamase blockers—restore activity of partner drug vs β-lactamase
producers.
Hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER ✓ Immediate (minutes; anaphylaxis),
accelerated (1-72 h; urticaria), delayed (>72 h; rash). Avoid re-challenge in severe
cutaneous reactions (SJS/TEN).
PCN + aminoglycoside synergy - ANSWER ✓ For enterococcal endocarditis—β-
lactam opens wall, AG enters (monitor levels).
Common interactions with penicillins - ANSWER ✓ Methotrexate (↓ clearance),
warfarin (flora changes), allopurinol (rash with aminopenicillins).
Cephalosporins — MOA - ANSWER ✓ Like PCNs; more β-lactamase-stable.
Cephalosporins — 1st Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefazolin/cephalexin; Gram+
(MSSA, strep) + PEK; Poor CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 2nd Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefuroxime/cefotetan; More
Gram-; some anaerobes; Variable CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 3rd Generation - ANSWER ✓ Ceftriaxone/ceftazidime; Broad
Gram-; ceftazidime = Pseudomonas; Good CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 4th Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefepime; Broad +
Pseudomonas; Good CSF penetration.
, Cephalosporins — 5th Generation - ANSWER ✓ Ceftaroline; MRSA; OK CSF
penetration.
Carbapenems - ANSWER ✓ Imipenem/meropenem: Very broad (Gram+/Gram-
/anaerobes, many resistant isolates). Reserve for severe/mixed or ESBL infections.
Monobactam - ANSWER ✓ Aztreonam: Gram- only incl Pseudomonas; safe in
PCN anaphylaxis.
Vancomycin - ANSWER ✓ DOC for serious Gram+ infections: MRSA,
penicillin-resistant pneumococcus, C. difficile (PO only).
C. difficile treatment - ANSWER ✓ Oral vanco (poor systemic absorption is good
here); IV vanco does not treat colitis.
Serious AEs of Vancomycin - ANSWER ✓ Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity; Red-man
syndrome (fast infusion).
Vancomycin interactions - ANSWER ✓ Additive nephrotoxic/ototoxic agents
(loop diuretics, aminoglycosides).
Telavancin - ANSWER ✓ lipoglycopeptide; similar Gram+ coverage with added
membrane effect; QTc and fetal risk warnings noted in class discussions.
Aminoglycosides - ANSWER ✓ bactericidal; concentration-dependent + PAE.
Aminoglycosides MOA - ANSWER ✓ irreversible 30S binding → misreading;
O₂-dependent uptake; synergy with β-lactams.
Aminoglycosides Spectrum - ANSWER ✓ aerobic Gram- rods (incl.
Pseudomonas); endocarditis synergy vs enterococci.
Aminoglycosides PK - ANSWER ✓ parenteral (except topical/oral neomycin);
renal elimination; monitor peak/trough (high-dose extended-interval dosing
reduces nephrotoxicity).
Aminoglycosides Toxicities - ANSWER ✓ nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (±
irreversible), neuromuscular blockade (MG risk).
CORRRECT SOLUTIONS||ALREADY
GRADED A+||UPDATED
2025/2026||100% GUARANTEED
PASS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>||
Aluminum Antacids - ANSWER ✓ Causes constipation.
Magnesium Antacids - ANSWER ✓ Causes diarrhea.
Depot MPA - ANSWER ✓ Progestin; associated with bone loss risk (women's
health crossover).
Loperamide - ANSWER ✓ First-line antidiarrheal but avoid in severe colitis.
Ondansetron - ANSWER ✓ Safe in kids ≥4 y (chemo); avoid phenothiazines <2 y.
Colonization - ANSWER ✓ Microbe present without tissue invasion or symptoms
(e.g., nasal S. aureus carriage).
Infection - ANSWER ✓ Invasion + host response → symptoms/signs (fever,
leukocytosis, inflammation).
Differentiation of Infection - ANSWER ✓ Triangulate history (exposure, risk
factors), exam (localizing signs), and labs/cultures (gram stain, growth ± rapid ID
like PCR/MALDI-TOF). Always obtain cultures before starting empiric therapy.
Key Point - ANSWER ✓ Don't "treat a positive culture"—treat infection, not
colonization.
Wrong bug/wrong drug - ANSWER ✓ No activity vs pathogen; unrecognized
atypical/anaerobe.
,Inadequate PK at site - ANSWER ✓ BBB/prostate/bone/abscess; need drainage.
Resistance - ANSWER ✓ β-lactamase, altered PBP, efflux, porin loss.
Host factors - ANSWER ✓ Immunocompromise, foreign body/biofilm.
Adherence/dose/duration problems - ANSWER ✓ Superinfection (e.g., C.
difficile).
Cell wall inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ β-lactams (PCNs, cephalosporins,
carbapenems, monobactam), glycopeptides (vancomycin). Time-dependent kill;
target PBPs or peptidoglycan.
Protein synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ Aminoglycosides (30S, cidal,
concentration-dependent), tetracyclines (30S, static),
macrolides/lincosamides/oxazolidinones (50S, mostly static).
DNA/RNA agents - ANSWER ✓ Fluoroquinolones (DNA gyrase/Topo IV),
metronidazole (DNA damage in anaerobes), rifamycins (RNA polymerase).
Best practices to curb resistance - ANSWER ✓ Culture before therapy; start
empiric only when needed; de-escalate to narrow agent; right dose/interval (PK/PD
targets: time>MIC vs Cmax/MIC vs AUC/MIC); shortest effective duration; avoid
unnecessary combos; infection-control (hand hygiene, source control).
Extended/continuous infusions of β-lactams - ANSWER ✓ Can maximize
time>MIC and improve outcomes in severe infections.
Penicillins — MOA - ANSWER ✓ β-lactam ring binds PBPs → blocks
transpeptidation → weak wall → lysis (cidal, time-dependent).
Penicillins — Resistance - ANSWER ✓ Via β-lactamases, altered PBPs, ↓
permeability.
Narrow, penicillinase-sensitive - ANSWER ✓ Pen G/V — Strep, some Gram-,
spirochetes (syphilis DOC).
, Narrow, penicillinase-resistant - ANSWER ✓ Nafcillin/dicloxacillin — MSSA
(not MRSA).
Broad (aminopenicillins) - ANSWER ✓ Amoxicillin/ampicillin — add H. flu, E.
coli, Proteus; enterococcus.
Extended-spectrum (antipseudomonal) - ANSWER ✓ Piperacillin (± tazobactam)
— Pseudomonas + broader Gram-.
Penicillinase inhibitors - ANSWER ✓ Clavulanate/sulbactam/tazobactam:
irreversible β-lactamase blockers—restore activity of partner drug vs β-lactamase
producers.
Hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER ✓ Immediate (minutes; anaphylaxis),
accelerated (1-72 h; urticaria), delayed (>72 h; rash). Avoid re-challenge in severe
cutaneous reactions (SJS/TEN).
PCN + aminoglycoside synergy - ANSWER ✓ For enterococcal endocarditis—β-
lactam opens wall, AG enters (monitor levels).
Common interactions with penicillins - ANSWER ✓ Methotrexate (↓ clearance),
warfarin (flora changes), allopurinol (rash with aminopenicillins).
Cephalosporins — MOA - ANSWER ✓ Like PCNs; more β-lactamase-stable.
Cephalosporins — 1st Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefazolin/cephalexin; Gram+
(MSSA, strep) + PEK; Poor CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 2nd Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefuroxime/cefotetan; More
Gram-; some anaerobes; Variable CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 3rd Generation - ANSWER ✓ Ceftriaxone/ceftazidime; Broad
Gram-; ceftazidime = Pseudomonas; Good CSF penetration.
Cephalosporins — 4th Generation - ANSWER ✓ Cefepime; Broad +
Pseudomonas; Good CSF penetration.
, Cephalosporins — 5th Generation - ANSWER ✓ Ceftaroline; MRSA; OK CSF
penetration.
Carbapenems - ANSWER ✓ Imipenem/meropenem: Very broad (Gram+/Gram-
/anaerobes, many resistant isolates). Reserve for severe/mixed or ESBL infections.
Monobactam - ANSWER ✓ Aztreonam: Gram- only incl Pseudomonas; safe in
PCN anaphylaxis.
Vancomycin - ANSWER ✓ DOC for serious Gram+ infections: MRSA,
penicillin-resistant pneumococcus, C. difficile (PO only).
C. difficile treatment - ANSWER ✓ Oral vanco (poor systemic absorption is good
here); IV vanco does not treat colitis.
Serious AEs of Vancomycin - ANSWER ✓ Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity; Red-man
syndrome (fast infusion).
Vancomycin interactions - ANSWER ✓ Additive nephrotoxic/ototoxic agents
(loop diuretics, aminoglycosides).
Telavancin - ANSWER ✓ lipoglycopeptide; similar Gram+ coverage with added
membrane effect; QTc and fetal risk warnings noted in class discussions.
Aminoglycosides - ANSWER ✓ bactericidal; concentration-dependent + PAE.
Aminoglycosides MOA - ANSWER ✓ irreversible 30S binding → misreading;
O₂-dependent uptake; synergy with β-lactams.
Aminoglycosides Spectrum - ANSWER ✓ aerobic Gram- rods (incl.
Pseudomonas); endocarditis synergy vs enterococci.
Aminoglycosides PK - ANSWER ✓ parenteral (except topical/oral neomycin);
renal elimination; monitor peak/trough (high-dose extended-interval dosing
reduces nephrotoxicity).
Aminoglycosides Toxicities - ANSWER ✓ nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (±
irreversible), neuromuscular blockade (MG risk).
