TEST 3 NUR 254 EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Hypothalamus correct answers >> brain region controlling
the pituitary gland. Secrets CRH, GN-RH, GHRH, SOMATSTATIN
GHIH, PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE, AND TRH
pituitary gland correct answers >> The endocrine system's
most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus,
the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine
glands.
adrenal cortex correct answers >> outer section of each
adrenal gland; secretes (gluticocorticoids) cortisol,
(mineralcortocoids) aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla correct answers >> secretes
(catecholamines) epinephrine and norepinephrine
Anterior pituitary gland correct answers >> Secretes tropic
hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), ACTH,
growth hormone (somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins,
prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone
Posterior pituitary gland correct answers >>
(Vasopressin)ADH and oxytocin
,parathyroid glands correct answers >> small pea-like organs
that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium and
phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues
Posterior pituitary disorders correct answers >> diabetes
insipidus
SIADH
Posterior pituitary disorders correct answers >> Hormone:
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Target: Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
Action: Increases water reabsorption
diabetes insipidus correct answers >> Decreased secretion
of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) from posterior
pituitary
Secondary to:
Brain tumors
Neuorsurgery
Head trauma
Clinical Manifestations Of Diabetes Insipidus correct answers
>> Polyuria - Enormous output of "water-like urine" w/ urine
specific gravity < 1.005 (normally 1.010-1.030). ℅ nocturia.
Polydipsia - Intense thirst
Hemoconcentration - Elevated serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) and
hematocrit (>50%)
,Volume deficit - hypotension, tachycardia, tenting turgor, fatigue,
prolonged capillary refill
Diagnostics of diabetes insipidus? correct answers >> Urine-
Decreased urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg) and urine specific
gravity <1.005
Serum -Hypernatremia (Na >145 mEq/L)
Hematocrit increased (Hct >50%)
Osmolality increased (>300 mOsm/kg)
Water (fluid) deprivation test-All water withheld
Measure urine osmolality and body weight hourly
Normally urine osmolality increases to 2 to 4 times the serum.
With DI the urine osmolality doesn't increase and the serum
osmolality continues to increase
CT or MRI to assess for cause (if not apparent)
Management of Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
Replace Fluids:
P.O. water
Hypotonic IV fluids if unable to take p.o. (D5W)
Monitor for hyperglycemia, volume overload and slowly
decreasing the serum sodium
Replace ADH:
, Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin (Pitressin) - synthetic ADH
(SQ, IN, or oral).
Monitor U/O, serum electrolytes, fluid status (skin turgor, cap
refill, daily weight)
Complications of diabetes insipidus correct answers >>
Dehydration/hypovolemia/circulatory collapse
Hypernatremia w/CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, coma,
etc.)
Nursing Diagnosis Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
FVD, Risk for ineff therap regimen
Nursing Interventions Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
Assess:
VS, weight, I&O, Visual acuity, Serum Na/osmolality/Urine specific
gravity
Do:
Administer DDAVP, IVFs, p.o. fluids, mouth care
Teach:
Daily weights, Manifestations, FVE, Medications
The functioning of the endocrine system works on what type of
system?
Negative feedback system
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Hypothalamus correct answers >> brain region controlling
the pituitary gland. Secrets CRH, GN-RH, GHRH, SOMATSTATIN
GHIH, PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE, AND TRH
pituitary gland correct answers >> The endocrine system's
most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus,
the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine
glands.
adrenal cortex correct answers >> outer section of each
adrenal gland; secretes (gluticocorticoids) cortisol,
(mineralcortocoids) aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla correct answers >> secretes
(catecholamines) epinephrine and norepinephrine
Anterior pituitary gland correct answers >> Secretes tropic
hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), ACTH,
growth hormone (somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins,
prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone
Posterior pituitary gland correct answers >>
(Vasopressin)ADH and oxytocin
,parathyroid glands correct answers >> small pea-like organs
that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium and
phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues
Posterior pituitary disorders correct answers >> diabetes
insipidus
SIADH
Posterior pituitary disorders correct answers >> Hormone:
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Target: Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
Action: Increases water reabsorption
diabetes insipidus correct answers >> Decreased secretion
of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) from posterior
pituitary
Secondary to:
Brain tumors
Neuorsurgery
Head trauma
Clinical Manifestations Of Diabetes Insipidus correct answers
>> Polyuria - Enormous output of "water-like urine" w/ urine
specific gravity < 1.005 (normally 1.010-1.030). ℅ nocturia.
Polydipsia - Intense thirst
Hemoconcentration - Elevated serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) and
hematocrit (>50%)
,Volume deficit - hypotension, tachycardia, tenting turgor, fatigue,
prolonged capillary refill
Diagnostics of diabetes insipidus? correct answers >> Urine-
Decreased urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg) and urine specific
gravity <1.005
Serum -Hypernatremia (Na >145 mEq/L)
Hematocrit increased (Hct >50%)
Osmolality increased (>300 mOsm/kg)
Water (fluid) deprivation test-All water withheld
Measure urine osmolality and body weight hourly
Normally urine osmolality increases to 2 to 4 times the serum.
With DI the urine osmolality doesn't increase and the serum
osmolality continues to increase
CT or MRI to assess for cause (if not apparent)
Management of Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
Replace Fluids:
P.O. water
Hypotonic IV fluids if unable to take p.o. (D5W)
Monitor for hyperglycemia, volume overload and slowly
decreasing the serum sodium
Replace ADH:
, Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin (Pitressin) - synthetic ADH
(SQ, IN, or oral).
Monitor U/O, serum electrolytes, fluid status (skin turgor, cap
refill, daily weight)
Complications of diabetes insipidus correct answers >>
Dehydration/hypovolemia/circulatory collapse
Hypernatremia w/CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, coma,
etc.)
Nursing Diagnosis Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
FVD, Risk for ineff therap regimen
Nursing Interventions Diabetes Insipidus correct answers >>
Assess:
VS, weight, I&O, Visual acuity, Serum Na/osmolality/Urine specific
gravity
Do:
Administer DDAVP, IVFs, p.o. fluids, mouth care
Teach:
Daily weights, Manifestations, FVE, Medications
The functioning of the endocrine system works on what type of
system?
Negative feedback system
