PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
BLUEPRINT QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2isA2ventilation?A2-
A2TheA2processA2ofA2inspirationA2andA2expirationA2ofA2airA2throughA2theA2pulmonaryA2airwa
ysA2toA2theA2alveoli
WhatA2isA2oxygenation?A2-
A2TheA2processA2ofA2supplyingA2oxygenA2toA2theA2cellsA2andA2tissuesA2ofA2theA2body
WhatA2isA2perfusion?A2-
A2TheA2movementA2ofA2bloodA2throughA2theA2pulmonaryA2circulationA2toA2theA2alveoli
WhatA2areA2theA2mostA2commonA2typesA2ofA2pneumoniaA2andA2howA2areA2theyA2acquired
?A2-A2CommunityA2acquired:A2s.A2pneumoniaeA2
HospitalA2acquired:A2MRSAA2orA2VRE
VentilatorA2associated:A2enterococcus
AspirationA2pneumonia:A2whenA2anaerobicA2bacteriaA2(staph)A2isA2swallowedA2fromA2theA2
oropharynx
WalkingA2pneumonia:A2causedA2byA2livingA2inA2closeA2quartersA2andA2beingA2exposedA2to
A2mycoplasma.
WhatA2areA2theA2riskA2factorsA2ofA2aspirationA2pneumonia?A2-A2Stroke
Dysphagia
Coma
ChronicA2gingivitisA2orA2periodontalA2disease
AlcoholA2intoxication
WhatA2areA2theA2generalA2riskA2factorsA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-
A2CurrentA2infectionA2withA2influenzaA2(orA2otherA2respiratoryA2viralA2infections)
ImmunosuppressedA2patientsA2(likeA2HIV)
Smoking
LungA2cancersA2orA2tumors
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Asthma
Atelectasis
WhatA2isA2theA2generalA2preventionA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-A2PneumococcalA2vaccine
SmokingA2cessation
SocialA2distancing
PreventingA2aspiration
,HandA2hygiene
WhatA2isA2theA2generalA2treatmentA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-A2AntibioticA2therapy
OxygenA2therapy
IVA2fluids
Bronchodilators
AnalgesiaA2andA2Antipyretics
WhatA2isA2atelectasis?A2
WhatA2isA2theA2pathophysiologyA2ofA2atelectasis?
WhatA2isA2aA2consequenceA2ofA2atelectasis?A2-A2LungA2collapseA2
WhenA2aA2smallA2numberA2ofA2alveoliA2collapsesA2dueA2toA2aA2varietyA2ofA2factorsA2inhibiti
ngA2theA2alveoliA2fromA2fullyA2extending,A2resultingA2inA2aA2decreaseA2inA2gasA2exchange.
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2atelectasis?A2-
A2SomethingA2isA2inhibitingA2theA2alveoliA2fromA2FULLYA2extending,A2resultingA2inA2themA2
collapsingA2causedA2by:
SomeA2compressiveA2forceA2(tumors)
PleuralA2effusion
PostoperativeA2respiratoryA2depression
ShallowA2breathsA2andA2lowA2RR
ObstructionA2ofA2bronchioles
HighA2amountsA2ofA2supplementalA2O2
WhatA2isA2theA2treatmentA2ofA2atelectasis?A2WhyA2doesA2thisA2treatmentA2work?A2-
A2DeepA2breathA2andA2cough
TheA2forceA2ofA2theA2coughA2forcesA2airA2intoA2theA2alveoliA2toA2helpA2themA2reinflate
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2pharyngitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-A2Etiology:A2StreptococcusA2pyogenesA2(bacterial)
Swollen/redA2pharyngealA2membranes
red/swollenA2tonsils
TonsilA2coveredA2inA2whiteA2exudate
CervicalA2lymphA2nodesA2swollen
Fever
Malaise
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2sinusitis?A2
, WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2SecondaryA2toA2aA2bacterialA2orA2viralA2infectionA2ofA2upperA2respiratoryA2tract
A2orA2allergies
LocalizedA2facialA2pain-A2worsensA2whenA2bendingA2over
PressureA2overA2sinuses
Headache
NasalA2obstruction
PurulentA2nasalA2discharge
EarA2pain
DentalA2pain
DecreasedA2senseA2ofA2smellA2(hyposmia)
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2tonsillitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2GABHSA2orA2aA2virusA2suchA2as:A2EBV,A2adenovirus,A2HerpesA2simplexA2viru
s,A2cytomegalovirus
Redness/swellingA2ofA2tonsils
AbscessesA2presentA2calledA2"quinsys"
ResultsA2inA2difficultyA2swallowing
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2anA2inflamedA2epiglottis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2RespiratoryA2infections,A2chemicalA2substances,A2trauma,A2strepA2pneumoni
a,A2h.A2influenzae,A2parainfluenza,A2varicella-zoster,A2herpesA2simplexA21,A2staphA2aureus
Symptoms:A2DifficultyA2breathing,A2stridor
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2laryngitisA2andA2tracheitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptomsA2inA2both?A2-
A2Etiology:A2viralA2inA2natureA2butA2HaemophilusA2influenzaeA2canA2causeA2this.
HighA2pitchedA2coughA2=A2larynx
RaspyA2coughA2orA2stridorA2=A2tracheal
HighA2pitchedA2inhalations
PleuriticA2chestA2pain
ClearA2sputum
Cough
WhatA2areA2theA2differentA2pulmonaryA2functionA2testsA2thatA2measureA2lungA2volumes?A2-
A2ForcedA2vitalA2capacity
ForcedA2expiratoryA2volume
BLUEPRINT QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2isA2ventilation?A2-
A2TheA2processA2ofA2inspirationA2andA2expirationA2ofA2airA2throughA2theA2pulmonaryA2airwa
ysA2toA2theA2alveoli
WhatA2isA2oxygenation?A2-
A2TheA2processA2ofA2supplyingA2oxygenA2toA2theA2cellsA2andA2tissuesA2ofA2theA2body
WhatA2isA2perfusion?A2-
A2TheA2movementA2ofA2bloodA2throughA2theA2pulmonaryA2circulationA2toA2theA2alveoli
WhatA2areA2theA2mostA2commonA2typesA2ofA2pneumoniaA2andA2howA2areA2theyA2acquired
?A2-A2CommunityA2acquired:A2s.A2pneumoniaeA2
HospitalA2acquired:A2MRSAA2orA2VRE
VentilatorA2associated:A2enterococcus
AspirationA2pneumonia:A2whenA2anaerobicA2bacteriaA2(staph)A2isA2swallowedA2fromA2theA2
oropharynx
WalkingA2pneumonia:A2causedA2byA2livingA2inA2closeA2quartersA2andA2beingA2exposedA2to
A2mycoplasma.
WhatA2areA2theA2riskA2factorsA2ofA2aspirationA2pneumonia?A2-A2Stroke
Dysphagia
Coma
ChronicA2gingivitisA2orA2periodontalA2disease
AlcoholA2intoxication
WhatA2areA2theA2generalA2riskA2factorsA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-
A2CurrentA2infectionA2withA2influenzaA2(orA2otherA2respiratoryA2viralA2infections)
ImmunosuppressedA2patientsA2(likeA2HIV)
Smoking
LungA2cancersA2orA2tumors
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Asthma
Atelectasis
WhatA2isA2theA2generalA2preventionA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-A2PneumococcalA2vaccine
SmokingA2cessation
SocialA2distancing
PreventingA2aspiration
,HandA2hygiene
WhatA2isA2theA2generalA2treatmentA2ofA2pneumonia?A2-A2AntibioticA2therapy
OxygenA2therapy
IVA2fluids
Bronchodilators
AnalgesiaA2andA2Antipyretics
WhatA2isA2atelectasis?A2
WhatA2isA2theA2pathophysiologyA2ofA2atelectasis?
WhatA2isA2aA2consequenceA2ofA2atelectasis?A2-A2LungA2collapseA2
WhenA2aA2smallA2numberA2ofA2alveoliA2collapsesA2dueA2toA2aA2varietyA2ofA2factorsA2inhibiti
ngA2theA2alveoliA2fromA2fullyA2extending,A2resultingA2inA2aA2decreaseA2inA2gasA2exchange.
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2atelectasis?A2-
A2SomethingA2isA2inhibitingA2theA2alveoliA2fromA2FULLYA2extending,A2resultingA2inA2themA2
collapsingA2causedA2by:
SomeA2compressiveA2forceA2(tumors)
PleuralA2effusion
PostoperativeA2respiratoryA2depression
ShallowA2breathsA2andA2lowA2RR
ObstructionA2ofA2bronchioles
HighA2amountsA2ofA2supplementalA2O2
WhatA2isA2theA2treatmentA2ofA2atelectasis?A2WhyA2doesA2thisA2treatmentA2work?A2-
A2DeepA2breathA2andA2cough
TheA2forceA2ofA2theA2coughA2forcesA2airA2intoA2theA2alveoliA2toA2helpA2themA2reinflate
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2pharyngitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-A2Etiology:A2StreptococcusA2pyogenesA2(bacterial)
Swollen/redA2pharyngealA2membranes
red/swollenA2tonsils
TonsilA2coveredA2inA2whiteA2exudate
CervicalA2lymphA2nodesA2swollen
Fever
Malaise
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2sinusitis?A2
, WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2SecondaryA2toA2aA2bacterialA2orA2viralA2infectionA2ofA2upperA2respiratoryA2tract
A2orA2allergies
LocalizedA2facialA2pain-A2worsensA2whenA2bendingA2over
PressureA2overA2sinuses
Headache
NasalA2obstruction
PurulentA2nasalA2discharge
EarA2pain
DentalA2pain
DecreasedA2senseA2ofA2smellA2(hyposmia)
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2acuteA2tonsillitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2GABHSA2orA2aA2virusA2suchA2as:A2EBV,A2adenovirus,A2HerpesA2simplexA2viru
s,A2cytomegalovirus
Redness/swellingA2ofA2tonsils
AbscessesA2presentA2calledA2"quinsys"
ResultsA2inA2difficultyA2swallowing
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2anA2inflamedA2epiglottis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptoms?A2-
A2Etiology:A2RespiratoryA2infections,A2chemicalA2substances,A2trauma,A2strepA2pneumoni
a,A2h.A2influenzae,A2parainfluenza,A2varicella-zoster,A2herpesA2simplexA21,A2staphA2aureus
Symptoms:A2DifficultyA2breathing,A2stridor
WhatA2isA2theA2etiologyA2ofA2laryngitisA2andA2tracheitis?A2
WhatA2areA2theA2symptomsA2inA2both?A2-
A2Etiology:A2viralA2inA2natureA2butA2HaemophilusA2influenzaeA2canA2causeA2this.
HighA2pitchedA2coughA2=A2larynx
RaspyA2coughA2orA2stridorA2=A2tracheal
HighA2pitchedA2inhalations
PleuriticA2chestA2pain
ClearA2sputum
Cough
WhatA2areA2theA2differentA2pulmonaryA2functionA2testsA2thatA2measureA2lungA2volumes?A2-
A2ForcedA2vitalA2capacity
ForcedA2expiratoryA2volume
