PSL 431 Exam 4 Questions and
Answers
active hyperemia - ANSWER-increased blood flow through a tissue associated with
increased metabolic activity-vasodilation
reactive hyperemia - ANSWER-vasodilation involving increase in blood flow that
occurs after blood supply to an organ is occluded and then restored
flow autoregulation - ANSWER-ability of individual arterioles to alter their resistance
in response to changing blood pressure so that relatively constant blood flow is
maintained
Flow autoregulation is what type of response - ANSWER-myogenic and also referred
to as Bayliss Effect
Erythrema - ANSWER-Vasodilation causes redness, swollen of skin
What causes erythema? - ANSWER-local release inflammatory Cytokines: they are
Bradykinin, Histamine, interleukins
Effects of shear stress on vascular resistance - ANSWER-change in flow across
endothelium triggers release of NO which promotes vasodilation
T or F No nerves or systemic hormones are required for intrinsic mechanisms that
change vascular resistance. - ANSWER-T
equation for mean arterial pressure - ANSWER-COxTPR
What are the neural effects on peripheral resistance? - ANSWER-Adrenergic,
cholinergic, nitrergic
What is the vascular target for Adrenergic and nitrergic? - ANSWER-smooth muscle
What is the vascular target for cholinergic? - ANSWER-endolethium cells
What are the receptors for the three neural pathways? - ANSWER-Adrenergic:
alpha1-ADR, Cholinergic: Muscunaric 3, Nitrergic: Guanylate Cyclase
What NT is associated with adrenergic pathway? - ANSWER-NE
What NT is associated with cholinergic pathway? - ANSWER-Acetyl Choline
What NT is associated with Nitrergic pathway? - ANSWER-NO
, What is the Signal Transduction Pathway for both adrenergic and cholinergic? and
what is the effect of them and are they different? - ANSWER-Gq to PLC for
Adrenergic and Gq to PLC to eNOS/NO for Cholinergic, Adrenergic causes
vasoconstriction, while cholinergic causes vasodilation
What is the Signal Transduction Pathway for nitrergic and its effect? - ANSWER-
Guanylate Cyclase to cGMP to pkG and vasodilation
What is the vascular target for all hormones? - ANSWER-smooth muscle
Name the hormone associated with with vasodilation and the Gs signal transduction
alon with - ANSWER-Epinephrine
What is the receptor for epinephrine? - ANSWER-Beta 2-AdR
T or F: Epinephrine has a lower Ca sensitivity - ANSWER-T
What is NO's receptor and its signal transduction pathway? - ANSWER-Guanylate
Cyclase and from GC to cGMP toPkG to MLCK
How does NO effet Ca and what is the effect - ANSWER-Reduce Ca and
vasodilation
Which hormones has the NPR1 and 2 receptors and causes vasodilation -
ANSWER-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
ANP decreases or increases Ca and what is its signal pathway - ANSWER-
decreases and membrane bound GC
What are the three vasoconstricting hormones? - ANSWER-Arginine Vasopressin,
Angiotensin 2, and Endothelin
All the vasoconstricting have the same pathway, Ca effect, and overall effect what is
it? - ANSWER-Gq to PLC(IP3/DAG) and increase Ca and vasoconstriction
What is the receptor for Angiotensin 2? - ANSWER-AGTR1
What hormone has the AVPR1A? - ANSWER-Arginine Vasopressin
What is the receptor for Endothelin - ANSWER-ETa/ETb
T or F all the hormonal mediators of vasoconstriction act through GPCRs -
ANSWER-T
T or F The more the phosphorylation of the MLC the more the vasoconstriction -
ANSWER-T
What are released in response to hemorrhage or dehydration and part of the
systemic response to sudden severe hypotension? - ANSWER-AVP and A2
Answers
active hyperemia - ANSWER-increased blood flow through a tissue associated with
increased metabolic activity-vasodilation
reactive hyperemia - ANSWER-vasodilation involving increase in blood flow that
occurs after blood supply to an organ is occluded and then restored
flow autoregulation - ANSWER-ability of individual arterioles to alter their resistance
in response to changing blood pressure so that relatively constant blood flow is
maintained
Flow autoregulation is what type of response - ANSWER-myogenic and also referred
to as Bayliss Effect
Erythrema - ANSWER-Vasodilation causes redness, swollen of skin
What causes erythema? - ANSWER-local release inflammatory Cytokines: they are
Bradykinin, Histamine, interleukins
Effects of shear stress on vascular resistance - ANSWER-change in flow across
endothelium triggers release of NO which promotes vasodilation
T or F No nerves or systemic hormones are required for intrinsic mechanisms that
change vascular resistance. - ANSWER-T
equation for mean arterial pressure - ANSWER-COxTPR
What are the neural effects on peripheral resistance? - ANSWER-Adrenergic,
cholinergic, nitrergic
What is the vascular target for Adrenergic and nitrergic? - ANSWER-smooth muscle
What is the vascular target for cholinergic? - ANSWER-endolethium cells
What are the receptors for the three neural pathways? - ANSWER-Adrenergic:
alpha1-ADR, Cholinergic: Muscunaric 3, Nitrergic: Guanylate Cyclase
What NT is associated with adrenergic pathway? - ANSWER-NE
What NT is associated with cholinergic pathway? - ANSWER-Acetyl Choline
What NT is associated with Nitrergic pathway? - ANSWER-NO
, What is the Signal Transduction Pathway for both adrenergic and cholinergic? and
what is the effect of them and are they different? - ANSWER-Gq to PLC for
Adrenergic and Gq to PLC to eNOS/NO for Cholinergic, Adrenergic causes
vasoconstriction, while cholinergic causes vasodilation
What is the Signal Transduction Pathway for nitrergic and its effect? - ANSWER-
Guanylate Cyclase to cGMP to pkG and vasodilation
What is the vascular target for all hormones? - ANSWER-smooth muscle
Name the hormone associated with with vasodilation and the Gs signal transduction
alon with - ANSWER-Epinephrine
What is the receptor for epinephrine? - ANSWER-Beta 2-AdR
T or F: Epinephrine has a lower Ca sensitivity - ANSWER-T
What is NO's receptor and its signal transduction pathway? - ANSWER-Guanylate
Cyclase and from GC to cGMP toPkG to MLCK
How does NO effet Ca and what is the effect - ANSWER-Reduce Ca and
vasodilation
Which hormones has the NPR1 and 2 receptors and causes vasodilation -
ANSWER-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
ANP decreases or increases Ca and what is its signal pathway - ANSWER-
decreases and membrane bound GC
What are the three vasoconstricting hormones? - ANSWER-Arginine Vasopressin,
Angiotensin 2, and Endothelin
All the vasoconstricting have the same pathway, Ca effect, and overall effect what is
it? - ANSWER-Gq to PLC(IP3/DAG) and increase Ca and vasoconstriction
What is the receptor for Angiotensin 2? - ANSWER-AGTR1
What hormone has the AVPR1A? - ANSWER-Arginine Vasopressin
What is the receptor for Endothelin - ANSWER-ETa/ETb
T or F all the hormonal mediators of vasoconstriction act through GPCRs -
ANSWER-T
T or F The more the phosphorylation of the MLC the more the vasoconstriction -
ANSWER-T
What are released in response to hemorrhage or dehydration and part of the
systemic response to sudden severe hypotension? - ANSWER-AVP and A2
