TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L. 2
McCance, Sue E. Huether
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology.......................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents ................................................... 18
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ...................................... 31
TEST BANK Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases........................................................... 55
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease .......................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ............................................................. 68
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity .................................................................................................................. 83
8th Edition Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation ............................................................................. 95
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether Chapter 10: Infection ................................................................................................................................ 108
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ................................................................................................................. 117
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ....................................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ................................................................ 148
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function ............................................... 159
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............... 174
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
.................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders ............................ 199
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children ..................................................................... 206
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................... 213
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ..................................................................................... 222
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ....................................................................................... 234
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems .......................................................... 239
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System................................................................... 249
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................... 259
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................................ 265
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................................. 273
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ......................................... 283
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
, 3 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 4
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ................................................................ 293
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children .................................................................. 300
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ................................ 311
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................. 324
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ............................................................... 338 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ................................................................ 346
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ....................................................................................... 356 a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ..................................................................... 373
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems.................................................. 381 d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function................................................................... 391 ANS: C
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ................................................ 401 In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................................... 409 absorption.
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function .......................................................................................... 421
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children........................................................................ 432
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ....................................................... 441 a. Mitochondria
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................................... 453 b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ............................................................ 466
d. Lysosome
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument ......................................................... 475
ANS: C
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................ 486 The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults .................................... 494
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ................................. 502 Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 5 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 6
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove ANS: B
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
cellular membrane.
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? b. Proteases
a. Ribosome c. Proteins
b. Golgi complex d. Carbohydrates
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: C
d. Lysosomes
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
ANS: D and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self- PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the 8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and for which human diseases?
removing toxic substances from the cell. a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
ANS: B
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
b. Secretion of cortisol
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
c. Increased retention of water
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
d. Breakdown of fat
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon. 9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? c. Membrane channel proteins
a. G1 d. Lipid bilayer
b. S
ANS: D
c. G2
d. M
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L. TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 7 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 8
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is ANS: D
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the Chemical signaling can be classified into three categories: (1) local-chemical mediator, (2)
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to hormone, and (3) neurotransmitter. Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by those cells. In
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. Carbohydrate chains, paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed,
glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent water-soluble molecules or immobilized. Paracrine signaling requires close membrane-to-membrane contact. Paracrine
from entering cells across the cell membrane. signaling usually involves different cell types; however, cells also may produce signals that they,
themselves, respond to, which is called autocrine signaling. Neurotransmitters are released by
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering neurons and cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate.
10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response. 13. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time. destroyed, or immobilized?
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. a. Paracrine
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response. b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
ANS: B d. Hormone
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in the relative ANS: A
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized In paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response. destroyed, or immobilized. Autocrine signaling occurs when the target cells produce signals that
they themselves respond to. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the synaptic
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Hormones are released by one set of cells and
travel through tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by
11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other those cells.
cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction) PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters 14. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands a. Lipids
b. Ribosomes
ANS: B c. Amphipathic lipids
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling d. Receptors
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that ANS: D
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and In each type of chemical signaling, the target cell receives the signal by first attaching to its
cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in receptors. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
binding processes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
15. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?
12. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance a. Protein channel (gap junction)
away? b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
a. Paracrine c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
b. Autocrine d. Chemical messengers such as ligands
c. Neurotransmitter
ANS: D
d. Hormonal
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L. TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether McCance, Sue E. Huether
McCance, Sue E. Huether
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology.......................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents ................................................... 18
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ...................................... 31
TEST BANK Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases........................................................... 55
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease .......................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ............................................................. 68
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity .................................................................................................................. 83
8th Edition Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation ............................................................................. 95
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether Chapter 10: Infection ................................................................................................................................ 108
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ................................................................................................................. 117
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ....................................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ................................................................ 148
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function ............................................... 159
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............... 174
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
.................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders ............................ 199
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children ..................................................................... 206
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................... 213
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ..................................................................................... 222
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ....................................................................................... 234
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems .......................................................... 239
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System................................................................... 249
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................... 259
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................................ 265
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................................. 273
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ......................................... 283
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
, 3 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 4
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ................................................................ 293
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children .................................................................. 300
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ................................ 311
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................. 324
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ............................................................... 338 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ................................................................ 346
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ....................................................................................... 356 a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ..................................................................... 373
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems.................................................. 381 d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function................................................................... 391 ANS: C
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ................................................ 401 In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................................... 409 absorption.
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function .......................................................................................... 421
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children........................................................................ 432
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ....................................................... 441 a. Mitochondria
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................................... 453 b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ............................................................ 466
d. Lysosome
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument ......................................................... 475
ANS: C
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................ 486 The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults .................................... 494
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ................................. 502 Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 5 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 6
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove ANS: B
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
cellular membrane.
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? b. Proteases
a. Ribosome c. Proteins
b. Golgi complex d. Carbohydrates
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: C
d. Lysosomes
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
ANS: D and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self- PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the 8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and for which human diseases?
removing toxic substances from the cell. a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
ANS: B
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
b. Secretion of cortisol
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
c. Increased retention of water
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
d. Breakdown of fat
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon. 9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? c. Membrane channel proteins
a. G1 d. Lipid bilayer
b. S
ANS: D
c. G2
d. M
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L. TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 7 Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 8
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is ANS: D
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the Chemical signaling can be classified into three categories: (1) local-chemical mediator, (2)
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to hormone, and (3) neurotransmitter. Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by those cells. In
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. Carbohydrate chains, paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed,
glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent water-soluble molecules or immobilized. Paracrine signaling requires close membrane-to-membrane contact. Paracrine
from entering cells across the cell membrane. signaling usually involves different cell types; however, cells also may produce signals that they,
themselves, respond to, which is called autocrine signaling. Neurotransmitters are released by
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering neurons and cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate.
10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response. 13. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time. destroyed, or immobilized?
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. a. Paracrine
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response. b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
ANS: B d. Hormone
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in the relative ANS: A
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized In paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response. destroyed, or immobilized. Autocrine signaling occurs when the target cells produce signals that
they themselves respond to. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the synaptic
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Hormones are released by one set of cells and
travel through tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by
11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other those cells.
cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction) PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters 14. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands a. Lipids
b. Ribosomes
ANS: B c. Amphipathic lipids
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling d. Receptors
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that ANS: D
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and In each type of chemical signaling, the target cell receives the signal by first attaching to its
cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in receptors. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
binding processes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
15. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?
12. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance a. Protein channel (gap junction)
away? b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
a. Paracrine c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
b. Autocrine d. Chemical messengers such as ligands
c. Neurotransmitter
ANS: D
d. Hormonal
TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L. TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8th Edition Kathryn L.
McCance, Sue E. Huether McCance, Sue E. Huether
