Biology EOC study guide Questions
All Answered Correct 2025-2026 Set.
What is the study of Biology? - Answer The science that seeks to understand the living world.
Studies molecules, cells, organisms, populations of a single organism, communities of
populations living in the same area, and the biosphere.
Contrast unicellular and multicellular organisms. - Answer Unicellular only consists of a
single cell, and multicellular organisms consist of many cells.
What is homeostasis? Give an example. - Answer Homeostasis is the process by which
organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. Example: regulating body
temperature.
What are the main characteristics of life? - Answer The main characteristics of life include:
living things are made up of cells, living things reproduce, living things are based on a universal
genetic code, living things grow and develop, living things use energy (metabolism), living things
respond to their environment, living things maintain a stable internal environment, and living
things change over time (groups change).
What are the steps of a scientific method? - Answer State the problem, research, form a
hypothesis, experiment using variables, collect data, derive a conclusion.
How do scientists use the scientific method? - Answer Scientists follow the scientific method
in all experiments performed to ensure proper results and data.
What are the purposes of using microscopes in science? - Answer Microscopes aid in
magnifying images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
What is an element? - Answer An element is a substance consisting entirely of one type of
atom.
What is an atom? - Answer An atom is the basic unit of matter.
What is a molecule? - Answer A molecule is the smallest unit of compounds.
, Describe the atomic structure of an atom. - Answer An atom consists of protons, neutrons,
and electrons. The protons(+) and neutrons (neutral) are formed in the nucleus. The electrons
(-) orbit, or move around, the nucleus. The atomic number on the periodic table is determined
by the number of PROTONS present.
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) - Answer Covalent
bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more
electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite
charges) are the strongest bonds that can form between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the
bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? - Answer Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances in which
the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? - Answer A solvent is a substance in
which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a
solvent to make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? - Answer Polarity involves
a substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative end. Water is an example!
Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water molecules.
What are organic compounds? - Answer An organic compounds is any compounds that
contains carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? - Answer ATP provides and stores
energy for many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? - Answer Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides), galactose,
disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a
1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? - Answer Proteins are polymers of amino acid
that control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are catalysts (remain
unchanged during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells and
break down certain substances. They speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
All Answered Correct 2025-2026 Set.
What is the study of Biology? - Answer The science that seeks to understand the living world.
Studies molecules, cells, organisms, populations of a single organism, communities of
populations living in the same area, and the biosphere.
Contrast unicellular and multicellular organisms. - Answer Unicellular only consists of a
single cell, and multicellular organisms consist of many cells.
What is homeostasis? Give an example. - Answer Homeostasis is the process by which
organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. Example: regulating body
temperature.
What are the main characteristics of life? - Answer The main characteristics of life include:
living things are made up of cells, living things reproduce, living things are based on a universal
genetic code, living things grow and develop, living things use energy (metabolism), living things
respond to their environment, living things maintain a stable internal environment, and living
things change over time (groups change).
What are the steps of a scientific method? - Answer State the problem, research, form a
hypothesis, experiment using variables, collect data, derive a conclusion.
How do scientists use the scientific method? - Answer Scientists follow the scientific method
in all experiments performed to ensure proper results and data.
What are the purposes of using microscopes in science? - Answer Microscopes aid in
magnifying images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
What is an element? - Answer An element is a substance consisting entirely of one type of
atom.
What is an atom? - Answer An atom is the basic unit of matter.
What is a molecule? - Answer A molecule is the smallest unit of compounds.
, Describe the atomic structure of an atom. - Answer An atom consists of protons, neutrons,
and electrons. The protons(+) and neutrons (neutral) are formed in the nucleus. The electrons
(-) orbit, or move around, the nucleus. The atomic number on the periodic table is determined
by the number of PROTONS present.
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) - Answer Covalent
bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more
electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite
charges) are the strongest bonds that can form between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the
bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? - Answer Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances in which
the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? - Answer A solvent is a substance in
which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a
solvent to make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? - Answer Polarity involves
a substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative end. Water is an example!
Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water molecules.
What are organic compounds? - Answer An organic compounds is any compounds that
contains carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? - Answer ATP provides and stores
energy for many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? - Answer Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides), galactose,
disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a
1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? - Answer Proteins are polymers of amino acid
that control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are catalysts (remain
unchanged during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells and
break down certain substances. They speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
