TESTBANK Radiation Protection in Medical Radiograph
9th Edition by Sherer | Chapters 1 - 14 | Complete
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4. Radiation Quantities and Units
5. Radiation Monitoring
6. Overview of Cell Biology
7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
11. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
12. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
13. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
14. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to
thecell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANSWER: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
chargedparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANSWER: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
medicalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation
phobiathey may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a
smallchance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible
biologicdamage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of
possiblebiologic damage.
ANSWER: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANSWER: C
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will
receivefrom a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received
fromthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak
with thereferring physician.
ANSWER: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have
to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level
belowwhich individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which
individualswould have a chance of developing this disease.
ANSWER: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
hospitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
and maintenance of the ALARA program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANSWER: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a
specificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANSWER: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANSWER: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness
of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols
to be usedfor both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b. Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.
c. American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
d. The Joint Commission
ANSWER: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging
procedure orpractice is justified?
a. ALARA concept
b. BERT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. NEXT program
ANSWER: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
a. ALARA
b. BERT
c. ORP
d. NEXT
ANSWER: B
16. Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can “pledge” to image
gently.The pledge includes which of the following?
1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2. Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement
adjustments topractice processes.
3. Communicate openly with parents.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
17. In a team approach to patient care, various participants
1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise.
2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team
3. rotate as the person in charge of the team
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and NURSINGTB.COM
3
ANSWER: A
18. Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure
of thebiologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure
of thebiologic effects of ionizing radiation.
ANSWER: B
19. Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential
benefit tobe obtained is
a. greater than the risk involved.
b. equal to the risk involved.
c. less than the risk involved.
d. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit
maybe.
ANSWER: A
20. Which of the following statements below is true?
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level
forradiation-induced malignancy.
ANSWER: A
21. The ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used
invarious health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures.
This information may be helpful to many
a. accrediting bodies.
b. advisory groups.
c. radiation standards organizations.
d. regulatory agencies.
ANSWER: D
22. The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term
a. background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
b. equivalent dose (EqD).
c. diagnostic efficacy.
d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
ANSWER: D
23. Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
N nRimSaIl rNadi
2. obtaining images with miU
G TaB.C M
tion exOposure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: D
24. Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT?
1. Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques
2. Minimum qualifications for medical physicists
3. Documentation of CT radiation doses
4. Management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: D
25. Effective protective measures take into consideration
1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
NURSINGTB.COM
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
Poweredby TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
Chapter 02: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received Sherer:
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If ionizing radiation from natural sources grows larger because of accidental or
deliberatehuman actions such as mining radioactive elements, the sources are termed
a. artificial sources.
b. enhanced natural sources.
c. extraterrestrial sources.
d. manmade sources.
ANSWER: B
2. Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but
caninteract with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is
referred to as
a. wave attenuation capability.
b. wave-particle interchange ability.
c. wave-particle duality.
d. wave-particle phenomena.
ANSWER: C
3. Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-2 is
not true?
a. Many excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million
peopleliving within 50 miles oNfUthReSpIlaNnG
t aTtB
th.e C mMe of the accident.
tiO
b. During the time of the accident, if persons living within a 100-mile radius of the
nuclear power plant received an average radiation exposure of 15 microgray,
and this dose is used as the population dose, then no more than two additional
resultingcancer deaths can be predicted in the exposed inhabitants as a
consequence of radiation exposure.
c. The average dose received by the exposed population living within a 50-mile
radius of the TMI nuclear power station at the time of the accident was
determinedto be 0.08 mSv, which is well below the average annual background
level.
d. No melt-through of the reactor vessel resulted during the accident.
ANSWER: A
4. Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?
a. Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium-238, radium-226, and
thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the
earth
b. Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation
occurredabove ground
c. The sun and beyond the solar system
d. Airport surveillance systems and electron microscopes
ANSWER: A
B s
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9th Edition by Sherer | Chapters 1 - 14 | Complete
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4. Radiation Quantities and Units
5. Radiation Monitoring
6. Overview of Cell Biology
7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
11. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
12. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
13. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
14. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to
thecell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANSWER: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
chargedparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANSWER: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
medicalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation
phobiathey may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a
smallchance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible
biologicdamage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of
possiblebiologic damage.
ANSWER: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANSWER: C
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will
receivefrom a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received
fromthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak
with thereferring physician.
ANSWER: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have
to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level
belowwhich individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which
individualswould have a chance of developing this disease.
ANSWER: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
hospitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
and maintenance of the ALARA program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANSWER: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a
specificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANSWER: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANSWER: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness
of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols
to be usedfor both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b. Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.
c. American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
d. The Joint Commission
ANSWER: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging
procedure orpractice is justified?
a. ALARA concept
b. BERT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. NEXT program
ANSWER: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
a. ALARA
b. BERT
c. ORP
d. NEXT
ANSWER: B
16. Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can “pledge” to image
gently.The pledge includes which of the following?
1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2. Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement
adjustments topractice processes.
3. Communicate openly with parents.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
17. In a team approach to patient care, various participants
1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise.
2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team
3. rotate as the person in charge of the team
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and NURSINGTB.COM
3
ANSWER: A
18. Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure
of thebiologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure
of thebiologic effects of ionizing radiation.
ANSWER: B
19. Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential
benefit tobe obtained is
a. greater than the risk involved.
b. equal to the risk involved.
c. less than the risk involved.
d. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit
maybe.
ANSWER: A
20. Which of the following statements below is true?
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level
forradiation-induced malignancy.
ANSWER: A
21. The ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used
invarious health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures.
This information may be helpful to many
a. accrediting bodies.
b. advisory groups.
c. radiation standards organizations.
d. regulatory agencies.
ANSWER: D
22. The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term
a. background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
b. equivalent dose (EqD).
c. diagnostic efficacy.
d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
ANSWER: D
23. Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
N nRimSaIl rNadi
2. obtaining images with miU
G TaB.C M
tion exOposure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: D
24. Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT?
1. Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques
2. Minimum qualifications for medical physicists
3. Documentation of CT radiation doses
4. Management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: D
25. Effective protective measures take into consideration
1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
NURSINGTB.COM
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
Poweredby TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
Chapter 02: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received Sherer:
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If ionizing radiation from natural sources grows larger because of accidental or
deliberatehuman actions such as mining radioactive elements, the sources are termed
a. artificial sources.
b. enhanced natural sources.
c. extraterrestrial sources.
d. manmade sources.
ANSWER: B
2. Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but
caninteract with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is
referred to as
a. wave attenuation capability.
b. wave-particle interchange ability.
c. wave-particle duality.
d. wave-particle phenomena.
ANSWER: C
3. Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-2 is
not true?
a. Many excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million
peopleliving within 50 miles oNfUthReSpIlaNnG
t aTtB
th.e C mMe of the accident.
tiO
b. During the time of the accident, if persons living within a 100-mile radius of the
nuclear power plant received an average radiation exposure of 15 microgray,
and this dose is used as the population dose, then no more than two additional
resultingcancer deaths can be predicted in the exposed inhabitants as a
consequence of radiation exposure.
c. The average dose received by the exposed population living within a 50-mile
radius of the TMI nuclear power station at the time of the accident was
determinedto be 0.08 mSv, which is well below the average annual background
level.
d. No melt-through of the reactor vessel resulted during the accident.
ANSWER: A
4. Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?
a. Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium-238, radium-226, and
thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the
earth
b. Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation
occurredabove ground
c. The sun and beyond the solar system
d. Airport surveillance systems and electron microscopes
ANSWER: A
B s
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