RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• Author(S)John P. Lampignano
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A technologist must obtain a true AP projection of the knee.
Which description best indicates the patient and receptor
relationship required for a true AP knee?
A. Patient supine, femoral condyles parallel to the image
receptor, CR perpendicular to IR.
B. Patient prone, femoral condyles perpendicular to the image
receptor, CR angled cephalad.
C. Patient supine, tibial plateau perpendicular to the IR, CR
angled caudad.
,D. Patient upright, femoral condyles rotated 15° laterally, CR
angled 10° cephalad.
Options
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct: A true AP knee requires the patient supine with the
femoral condyles (distal femur) parallel to the IR so the CR
perpendicular to the IR produces an undistorted AP view of
joint spaces.
B: Prone would produce a PA or oblique relationship and the
condyles would not be parallel to the IR for an AP projection.
C: The tibial plateau being perpendicular describes a lateral
orientation; angling caudad is not required for a standard AP
knee.
D: Lateral rotation and CR angulation are inappropriate for a
true AP; 15° lateral rotation would produce an oblique.
Teaching Point
Align femoral condyles parallel to the IR with CR perpendicular
for a true AP knee.
,Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Principles
Question Stem
A supine chest radiograph demonstrates increased heart
magnification. Which positioning change would most reduce
cardiac magnification on repeat exposure?
A. Increase SID from 100 cm to 180 cm.
B. Rotate the patient 20° toward the left.
C. Decrease SID from 180 cm to 100 cm.
D. Use a 10° caudal CR angle.
Options
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer
A
, Rationales
Correct: Increasing SID reduces geometric magnification of
structures (heart) because the x-ray beam diverges less at
greater distances.
B: Rotation alters anatomy projection but does not reduce
magnification and may distort mediastinal contours.
C: Decreasing SID increases magnification and would worsen
cardiac size.
D: Angling the CR changes shape of structures but does not
reduce magnification caused by SID.
Teaching Point
Increasing SID decreases geometric magnification of thoracic
structures.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
During an AP supine abdomen (KUB) on an obese patient,
which factor most likely causes loss of anatomic detail due to
increased OID?
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• Author(S)John P. Lampignano
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A technologist must obtain a true AP projection of the knee.
Which description best indicates the patient and receptor
relationship required for a true AP knee?
A. Patient supine, femoral condyles parallel to the image
receptor, CR perpendicular to IR.
B. Patient prone, femoral condyles perpendicular to the image
receptor, CR angled cephalad.
C. Patient supine, tibial plateau perpendicular to the IR, CR
angled caudad.
,D. Patient upright, femoral condyles rotated 15° laterally, CR
angled 10° cephalad.
Options
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct: A true AP knee requires the patient supine with the
femoral condyles (distal femur) parallel to the IR so the CR
perpendicular to the IR produces an undistorted AP view of
joint spaces.
B: Prone would produce a PA or oblique relationship and the
condyles would not be parallel to the IR for an AP projection.
C: The tibial plateau being perpendicular describes a lateral
orientation; angling caudad is not required for a standard AP
knee.
D: Lateral rotation and CR angulation are inappropriate for a
true AP; 15° lateral rotation would produce an oblique.
Teaching Point
Align femoral condyles parallel to the IR with CR perpendicular
for a true AP knee.
,Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Principles
Question Stem
A supine chest radiograph demonstrates increased heart
magnification. Which positioning change would most reduce
cardiac magnification on repeat exposure?
A. Increase SID from 100 cm to 180 cm.
B. Rotate the patient 20° toward the left.
C. Decrease SID from 180 cm to 100 cm.
D. Use a 10° caudal CR angle.
Options
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer
A
, Rationales
Correct: Increasing SID reduces geometric magnification of
structures (heart) because the x-ray beam diverges less at
greater distances.
B: Rotation alters anatomy projection but does not reduce
magnification and may distort mediastinal contours.
C: Decreasing SID increases magnification and would worsen
cardiac size.
D: Angling the CR changes shape of structures but does not
reduce magnification caused by SID.
Teaching Point
Increasing SID decreases geometric magnification of thoracic
structures.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
During an AP supine abdomen (KUB) on an obese patient,
which factor most likely causes loss of anatomic detail due to
increased OID?
