Genetics Exam test queries and
answers graded A+
What is genetics? - ANS✅✅study of genes and what they do; branch of biology that deals with
heredity and variation
root of the natural diversity that we observe among members of the same species as well as among
different species - ANS✅✅Genetic variation
Gene - ANS✅✅"Unit of heredity", usually described according to the way it affects the traits or
characteristics of an organism
How many genes are there? - ANS✅✅Around 30,000-35,000
How much of the genome is coded for? - ANS✅✅less than 5 %
What is the largest cellular molecule in humans? - ANS✅✅DNA
Categories of larger cellular molecules: - ANS✅✅Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), Proteins,
Carbohydrates and lipids
Proteome - ANS✅✅All the proteins that a cell makes at a given time
Constitutive Gene - ANS✅✅Unregulated; different cell types; transcribed continually; different
types
Housekeeping Gene - ANS✅✅Ongoing business; histones; continually made; can control (turn
on/off) housekeeping depending on growth cycle
Inducible - ANS✅✅Gene that can be turned on or off; produces proteins on a continual basis
Genetic Code - ANS✅✅DNA sequences within most genes contain the information to direct the
order of amino acids within polypeptides
,Which codon is the least conserved? - ANS✅✅Last
Does every gene code for a protein? - ANS✅✅NO! tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
When studying a genetic cross, the second generation following the initial cross is identified by
which of the following?
a. P generation
b. F1 generation
c. F2 generation
d. F3 generation
e. P3 generation - ANS✅✅F2 generation
A true bredding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod
plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green
color is_____.
a. recessive
b. dominant
c. subservient
d. blended
e. non of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅dominant
When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic
ratio of their offspring?
a. 1 : 2 : 1
b. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
c. 3 : 1
d. 7 : 4
e. varied depending on the trait - ANS✅✅3:1
, An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be _____.
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. isozygous
d. a variant - ANS✅✅homozygous
The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____.
a. phenotype
b. genotype
c. hybrid
d. dominance
e. non of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅genotype
The likelihood that the observation variation from the expected is due to random chance is called
the _____.
a. P value
b. Goodness of fit
c. degree of freedom
d. X value
e. none of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅P value
A karyotype is a(n) _____.
a. organelle of eukaryotic cells
b. stage of prophase I in meiosis
c. division of the cytoplasmic material following mitosis
d. photographic representation of the chromosomes of a cell
answers graded A+
What is genetics? - ANS✅✅study of genes and what they do; branch of biology that deals with
heredity and variation
root of the natural diversity that we observe among members of the same species as well as among
different species - ANS✅✅Genetic variation
Gene - ANS✅✅"Unit of heredity", usually described according to the way it affects the traits or
characteristics of an organism
How many genes are there? - ANS✅✅Around 30,000-35,000
How much of the genome is coded for? - ANS✅✅less than 5 %
What is the largest cellular molecule in humans? - ANS✅✅DNA
Categories of larger cellular molecules: - ANS✅✅Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), Proteins,
Carbohydrates and lipids
Proteome - ANS✅✅All the proteins that a cell makes at a given time
Constitutive Gene - ANS✅✅Unregulated; different cell types; transcribed continually; different
types
Housekeeping Gene - ANS✅✅Ongoing business; histones; continually made; can control (turn
on/off) housekeeping depending on growth cycle
Inducible - ANS✅✅Gene that can be turned on or off; produces proteins on a continual basis
Genetic Code - ANS✅✅DNA sequences within most genes contain the information to direct the
order of amino acids within polypeptides
,Which codon is the least conserved? - ANS✅✅Last
Does every gene code for a protein? - ANS✅✅NO! tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
When studying a genetic cross, the second generation following the initial cross is identified by
which of the following?
a. P generation
b. F1 generation
c. F2 generation
d. F3 generation
e. P3 generation - ANS✅✅F2 generation
A true bredding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod
plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green
color is_____.
a. recessive
b. dominant
c. subservient
d. blended
e. non of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅dominant
When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic
ratio of their offspring?
a. 1 : 2 : 1
b. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
c. 3 : 1
d. 7 : 4
e. varied depending on the trait - ANS✅✅3:1
, An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be _____.
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. isozygous
d. a variant - ANS✅✅homozygous
The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____.
a. phenotype
b. genotype
c. hybrid
d. dominance
e. non of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅genotype
The likelihood that the observation variation from the expected is due to random chance is called
the _____.
a. P value
b. Goodness of fit
c. degree of freedom
d. X value
e. none of the answers are correct - ANS✅✅P value
A karyotype is a(n) _____.
a. organelle of eukaryotic cells
b. stage of prophase I in meiosis
c. division of the cytoplasmic material following mitosis
d. photographic representation of the chromosomes of a cell
