BIO 370 Module 1 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update

BIO 370 Module 1 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update vertebrate zoology - Answers Study of animals with backbones, form and function/the adaptations of an animal to its environment. adaptation - Answers - a trait with a current functional role in the life history of the organism - maintained and evolved by natural selection - the trait provides a benefit within the organism's environment types of adaptations - Answers 1. body plan: physical internal and external characteristics 2. locomotion 3. gas exchange/breathing 4. feeding structures 5. thermoregulation 6. reproduction abiotic environmental conditions - Answers 1. space/living conditions (aquatic vs terrestrial) 2. water 3. temperature 4. light 5. oxygen 6. minerals biotic environmental conditions - Answers 1. food - type/availibility 2. predators 3. conspecific rivals and mates vertebrate - Answers An animal with a backbone (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish) Linnaean System - Answers Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species cladistics - Answers A phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa. clade - Answers A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. analogous - Answers similar characteristics but not due to evolution (bat and bird wings) homologous - Answers similar characteristics because of a common evolutionary origin shared primitive characteristics (ancestral) - Answers ancestral to all animals of interest shared derived characteristics - Answers unique to the clade, only animals in that clade have the characteristic Apomorphy - Answers derived characteristic that differs from the ancestral condition Synapomorphies - Answers shared derived characteristics that can be used to define a clade, they're homologous, shared by related taxa, and are found in the MRCA. apomorphy - Answers derived trait/distinct feature of a taxon autamorphy - Answers unique derived trait found only in 1 member of a clade Plesiomorphy - Answers an ancestral characteristic found at the base of a cladogram that is either kept or lost homoplasy - Answers - found in several members of a clade - an analogous trait because it isn't found in the ancestors - it evolved independently not because of a common ancestor - bat and birds wings evolved seperately but still wings vertebrates are a ? - Answers symplesiomorphy bc they all have vertebrae so it doesn't help determine which clades are more closely related than others. 3 types of homoplasy - Answers 1. Convergence: Evolution of similar structures using different anatomical features as a starting point. Ex: gliding animals 2. Parallel evolution: evolution of similar structures of the same anatomical feature as a starting point. Ex: prehensile tail 3. Evolutionary reversal: re-evolution of a plesiomorphic (ancestral) feature. Ex: claws in some primates monophyletic group - Answers includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants, defined by synapomorphies paraphyletic group - Answers descendants of 1 ancestor minus at least one monophyletic group (almost whole) polyphyletic group - Answers includes multiple descendants but not all descendants, most inaccurate sister taxon - Answers Most closely related monophyletic group to the clade of interest, they're more closely related to each other than anything else