Adult Cardiac in Nursing ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the common risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Risk factors for CAD include hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history. Nurses assess patients for
these factors through history, vital signs, and laboratory tests. Early identification allows for
preventive interventions such as lifestyle modification, medication, and patient education.
High-risk patients should be monitored for angina, shortness of breath, or ECG changes.
Educating patients about diet, exercise, and smoking cessation is essential. Risk factor
management reduces morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive care supports heart health and
prevents progression of CAD.
What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ MI commonly presents with chest pain or pressure, radiating
pain to the arm or jaw, diaphoresis, nausea, dyspnea, and anxiety. Nurses assess vital signs,
ECG changes, cardiac enzymes, and oxygen saturation. Prompt recognition allows early
intervention with medications, reperfusion therapy, or surgical management. Supportive care
includes oxygen, analgesia, and monitoring for arrhythmias. Educate patients about warning
signs and the importance of seeking immediate care. Early intervention reduces myocardial
damage and improves outcomes. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and supports
cardiac recovery.
How is heart failure classified?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Heart failure is classified based on ejection fraction (HFrEF vs
HFpEF) and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. Nurses
assess symptoms, functional capacity, echocardiography results, and vital signs.
Classification guides management, medication choice, and patient education. Monitoring
includes fluid balance, weight trends, and oxygen saturation. Educate patients about symptom
recognition, lifestyle changes, and adherence to therapy. Accurate classification supports
targeted treatment and reduces hospital readmissions. Early intervention improves quality of
life and survival rates.
What is the role of beta-blockers in cardiac care?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, myocardial oxygen demand,
and blood pressure, making them crucial for hypertension, CAD, MI, and heart failure
management. Nurses monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and signs of bradycardia or
, hypotension. Educate patients on adherence, side effects, and gradual dose adjustment. Beta-
blockers improve survival in heart failure and post-MI patients. Supportive care includes
monitoring for dizziness, fatigue, or exacerbation of asthma. Proper use reduces cardiac
workload and prevents complications. Continuous assessment ensures safety and therapeutic
effectiveness.
What are the nursing priorities for a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nursing priorities include continuous cardiac monitoring, pain
assessment, oxygen therapy, IV access, and early administration of medications. Nurses
monitor vital signs, ECG changes, and laboratory markers such as troponin. Early recognition
of complications like arrhythmias or cardiogenic shock is essential. Educate patients and
families about warning signs, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive care
includes managing anxiety and maintaining hemodynamic stability. Prompt intervention
reduces myocardial damage and improves survival. Continuous evaluation ensures effective
treatment and patient safety.
How is atrial fibrillation (AF) managed in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ AF management includes rate control, rhythm control,
anticoagulation, and management of underlying causes. Nurses monitor heart rate, rhythm,
blood pressure, and signs of thromboembolism. Patient education focuses on medication
adherence, lifestyle modifications, and monitoring for bleeding while on anticoagulants. ECG
and lab tests guide treatment adjustments. Supportive care includes symptom management
and reducing stroke risk. Early intervention prevents complications such as heart failure or
stroke. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal rhythm control and safety.
What are the signs of left-sided heart failure?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Left-sided heart failure presents with dyspnea, orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, fatigue, and cyanosis. Nurses monitor
oxygen saturation, respiratory status, lung sounds, and weight. Diagnostic evaluation includes
echocardiography, chest X-ray, and BNP levels. Management focuses on diuretics, ACE
inhibitors, lifestyle modifications, and oxygen therapy. Educate patients on daily weight
monitoring and recognizing worsening symptoms. Early intervention prevents pulmonary
edema and hospitalization. Continuous assessment ensures effective symptom control and
improved outcomes.
How does nitroglycerin work in cardiac patients?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nitroglycerin acts as a vasodilator, reducing myocardial oxygen
demand by decreasing preload and afterload. Nurses monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and
relief of chest pain. Educate patients on proper sublingual use, potential side effects like
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the common risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Risk factors for CAD include hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history. Nurses assess patients for
these factors through history, vital signs, and laboratory tests. Early identification allows for
preventive interventions such as lifestyle modification, medication, and patient education.
High-risk patients should be monitored for angina, shortness of breath, or ECG changes.
Educating patients about diet, exercise, and smoking cessation is essential. Risk factor
management reduces morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive care supports heart health and
prevents progression of CAD.
What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ MI commonly presents with chest pain or pressure, radiating
pain to the arm or jaw, diaphoresis, nausea, dyspnea, and anxiety. Nurses assess vital signs,
ECG changes, cardiac enzymes, and oxygen saturation. Prompt recognition allows early
intervention with medications, reperfusion therapy, or surgical management. Supportive care
includes oxygen, analgesia, and monitoring for arrhythmias. Educate patients about warning
signs and the importance of seeking immediate care. Early intervention reduces myocardial
damage and improves outcomes. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and supports
cardiac recovery.
How is heart failure classified?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Heart failure is classified based on ejection fraction (HFrEF vs
HFpEF) and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. Nurses
assess symptoms, functional capacity, echocardiography results, and vital signs.
Classification guides management, medication choice, and patient education. Monitoring
includes fluid balance, weight trends, and oxygen saturation. Educate patients about symptom
recognition, lifestyle changes, and adherence to therapy. Accurate classification supports
targeted treatment and reduces hospital readmissions. Early intervention improves quality of
life and survival rates.
What is the role of beta-blockers in cardiac care?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, myocardial oxygen demand,
and blood pressure, making them crucial for hypertension, CAD, MI, and heart failure
management. Nurses monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and signs of bradycardia or
, hypotension. Educate patients on adherence, side effects, and gradual dose adjustment. Beta-
blockers improve survival in heart failure and post-MI patients. Supportive care includes
monitoring for dizziness, fatigue, or exacerbation of asthma. Proper use reduces cardiac
workload and prevents complications. Continuous assessment ensures safety and therapeutic
effectiveness.
What are the nursing priorities for a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nursing priorities include continuous cardiac monitoring, pain
assessment, oxygen therapy, IV access, and early administration of medications. Nurses
monitor vital signs, ECG changes, and laboratory markers such as troponin. Early recognition
of complications like arrhythmias or cardiogenic shock is essential. Educate patients and
families about warning signs, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive care
includes managing anxiety and maintaining hemodynamic stability. Prompt intervention
reduces myocardial damage and improves survival. Continuous evaluation ensures effective
treatment and patient safety.
How is atrial fibrillation (AF) managed in adults?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ AF management includes rate control, rhythm control,
anticoagulation, and management of underlying causes. Nurses monitor heart rate, rhythm,
blood pressure, and signs of thromboembolism. Patient education focuses on medication
adherence, lifestyle modifications, and monitoring for bleeding while on anticoagulants. ECG
and lab tests guide treatment adjustments. Supportive care includes symptom management
and reducing stroke risk. Early intervention prevents complications such as heart failure or
stroke. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal rhythm control and safety.
What are the signs of left-sided heart failure?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Left-sided heart failure presents with dyspnea, orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, fatigue, and cyanosis. Nurses monitor
oxygen saturation, respiratory status, lung sounds, and weight. Diagnostic evaluation includes
echocardiography, chest X-ray, and BNP levels. Management focuses on diuretics, ACE
inhibitors, lifestyle modifications, and oxygen therapy. Educate patients on daily weight
monitoring and recognizing worsening symptoms. Early intervention prevents pulmonary
edema and hospitalization. Continuous assessment ensures effective symptom control and
improved outcomes.
How does nitroglycerin work in cardiac patients?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Nitroglycerin acts as a vasodilator, reducing myocardial oxygen
demand by decreasing preload and afterload. Nurses monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and
relief of chest pain. Educate patients on proper sublingual use, potential side effects like
