NUTRITION HOSA 2025-2026 TEST
FLASHCARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |of |a |large |group |of |organic |compounds |that |
includes |sugars, |starch, |and |cellulose, |containing |hydrogen |and |oxygen |in |the |same |ratio |as |
water |(2:1) |and |used |as |structural |materials |and |for |energy |storage |within |living |tissues
Types |of |Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides
Definition |of |Monosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |of |the |class |of |sugars |(e.g., |
glucose) |that |cannot |be |hydrolyzed |to |give |a |simpler |sugar.
Definition |of |Disaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |of |a |class |of |sugars |whose |molecules |
contain |two |monosaccharide |residues.
Definition |of |Oligosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrates |that |contain |between |3 |
and |10 |single |sugar |residues
Definition |of |Polysaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |carbohydrate |that |can |be |
decomposed |by |hydrolysis |into |two |or |more |molecules |of |monosaccharides
,Definition |of |Nucleotides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |nucleotide |is |the |basic |building |block |of |
nucleic |acids |(RNA |and |DNA).
Types |of |Monosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-glucose, |fructose, |galactose
Types |of |Disaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sucrose, |lactose, |maltose
Types |of |Oligosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fru, |d-fructose; |Fuc, |l-fucose; |Gal, |d-
galactose; |Glc, |d-glucose; |GlcNAc, |N-acetylglucosamine; |NeuAc, |N-acetylneuraminic |acid |(or |
sialic |acid).
Types |of |Polysaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-starch, |glycogen, |cellulose
Types |of |Nucleotides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |nucleotides: |adenine |(A), |thymine |(T), |
guanine |(G), |and |cytosine |(C).
RNA |contains |the |bases |adenine |(A), |guanine |(G), |and |cytosine |(C), |it |contains |the |base |uracil |
(U)
Definition |of |glucose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |simple |sugar |that |is |an |important |energy |
source |in |living |organisms |and |is |a |component |of |many |carbohydrates.
Definition |of |fructose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sugar |found |especially |in |honey |and |fruit.
Definition |of |galactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |of |the |hexose |class |which |is |a |
constituent |of |lactose |and |many |polysaccharides |also |find |in |milk.
Definition |of |sucrose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |compound |which |is |the |chief |component |of |
cane |or |beet |sugar.
, Definition |of |lactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |present |in |milk. |It |is |a |disaccharide |
containing |glucose |and |galactose |units.
Definition |of |maltose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |produced |by |the |breakdown |of |starch, |
e.g. |by |enzymes |found |in |malt |and |saliva. |It |is |a |disaccharide |consisting |of |two |linked |glucose |
units.
Definition |of |Fru, |d-fructose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D-Fructose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |It |has |a |role |as |a |sweetening |agent.
Definition |of |Fuc, |l-fucose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-L-Fucose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |E. |coli |Metabolome |Database |(ECMDB) |L-
Fucose |contains |a |Fucose |motif |and |is |often |attached |to |a |Ser/Thr |aglycon.
Definition |of |Gal, |d-galactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D-Galactose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |D-Galactose |is |a |natural |product |found |in |
Vigna |subterranea, |Lilium |tenuifolium, |and |other |organisms |with |data |available.
Definition |of |GlcNAc, |N-acetylglucosamine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-N-Acetylgalactosamine, |
also |known |as |GalNAc, |belongs |to |the |class |of |organic |compounds |known |as |N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamines. |These |are |carbohydrate |derivatives |containing |a |hexose |moiety |in |which |the |
oxygen |atom |is |replaced |by |an |N-acyl |group.
Definition |of |NeuAc, |N-acetylneuraminic |acid |(or |sialic |acid) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-N-
Acetylneuraminic |acid |(Neu5Ac |or |NANA) |is |the |predominant |sialic |acid |found |in |human |cells, |
and |many |mammalian |cells. |Other |forms, |such |as |N-Glycolylneuraminic |acid, |may |also |occur |in
|cells
FLASHCARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |of |a |large |group |of |organic |compounds |that |
includes |sugars, |starch, |and |cellulose, |containing |hydrogen |and |oxygen |in |the |same |ratio |as |
water |(2:1) |and |used |as |structural |materials |and |for |energy |storage |within |living |tissues
Types |of |Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides
Definition |of |Monosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |of |the |class |of |sugars |(e.g., |
glucose) |that |cannot |be |hydrolyzed |to |give |a |simpler |sugar.
Definition |of |Disaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |of |a |class |of |sugars |whose |molecules |
contain |two |monosaccharide |residues.
Definition |of |Oligosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrates |that |contain |between |3 |
and |10 |single |sugar |residues
Definition |of |Polysaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |carbohydrate |that |can |be |
decomposed |by |hydrolysis |into |two |or |more |molecules |of |monosaccharides
,Definition |of |Nucleotides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |nucleotide |is |the |basic |building |block |of |
nucleic |acids |(RNA |and |DNA).
Types |of |Monosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-glucose, |fructose, |galactose
Types |of |Disaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sucrose, |lactose, |maltose
Types |of |Oligosaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fru, |d-fructose; |Fuc, |l-fucose; |Gal, |d-
galactose; |Glc, |d-glucose; |GlcNAc, |N-acetylglucosamine; |NeuAc, |N-acetylneuraminic |acid |(or |
sialic |acid).
Types |of |Polysaccharides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-starch, |glycogen, |cellulose
Types |of |Nucleotides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |nucleotides: |adenine |(A), |thymine |(T), |
guanine |(G), |and |cytosine |(C).
RNA |contains |the |bases |adenine |(A), |guanine |(G), |and |cytosine |(C), |it |contains |the |base |uracil |
(U)
Definition |of |glucose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |simple |sugar |that |is |an |important |energy |
source |in |living |organisms |and |is |a |component |of |many |carbohydrates.
Definition |of |fructose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sugar |found |especially |in |honey |and |fruit.
Definition |of |galactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |of |the |hexose |class |which |is |a |
constituent |of |lactose |and |many |polysaccharides |also |find |in |milk.
Definition |of |sucrose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |compound |which |is |the |chief |component |of |
cane |or |beet |sugar.
, Definition |of |lactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |present |in |milk. |It |is |a |disaccharide |
containing |glucose |and |galactose |units.
Definition |of |maltose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |sugar |produced |by |the |breakdown |of |starch, |
e.g. |by |enzymes |found |in |malt |and |saliva. |It |is |a |disaccharide |consisting |of |two |linked |glucose |
units.
Definition |of |Fru, |d-fructose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D-Fructose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |It |has |a |role |as |a |sweetening |agent.
Definition |of |Fuc, |l-fucose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-L-Fucose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |E. |coli |Metabolome |Database |(ECMDB) |L-
Fucose |contains |a |Fucose |motif |and |is |often |attached |to |a |Ser/Thr |aglycon.
Definition |of |Gal, |d-galactose |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D-Galactose |is |a |metabolite |found |in |or |
produced |by |Escherichia |coli |(strain |K12, |MG1655). |D-Galactose |is |a |natural |product |found |in |
Vigna |subterranea, |Lilium |tenuifolium, |and |other |organisms |with |data |available.
Definition |of |GlcNAc, |N-acetylglucosamine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-N-Acetylgalactosamine, |
also |known |as |GalNAc, |belongs |to |the |class |of |organic |compounds |known |as |N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamines. |These |are |carbohydrate |derivatives |containing |a |hexose |moiety |in |which |the |
oxygen |atom |is |replaced |by |an |N-acyl |group.
Definition |of |NeuAc, |N-acetylneuraminic |acid |(or |sialic |acid) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-N-
Acetylneuraminic |acid |(Neu5Ac |or |NANA) |is |the |predominant |sialic |acid |found |in |human |cells, |
and |many |mammalian |cells. |Other |forms, |such |as |N-Glycolylneuraminic |acid, |may |also |occur |in
|cells
