BS 161 Exam 2 MSU UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Common Characteristics of Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - -plasma membrane
-cytosol
-Chromosomes
-Ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum
-nucleus
-golgi apparatus
-mitochondria
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - -genetic material enclosed in
nucleus,
-many membrane bound compartments
- larger
-can be unicellular or multicellular
-DNA is found in nucleus, bounded by double membrane
Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - -no nucleus
-small
-unicellular
-spectacularly diverse
-DNA is found in a region not surrounded by nucleus, nucleoid
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - The material within the cell, excluding the nucleus.
The semi-fluid matrix that fills the interior of every cell and has a high concentration of proteins
and other macromolecules
,Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER - The fluid portion of the cytoplasm; it contains dissolved
organic molecules and ions
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER - A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
What are membranes made out of? - CORRECT ANSWER - a double layer of
phospholipids and other lipids.
embedded in this are diverse proteins.
Nuclear Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - A double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus in the cell
contains pore structures
pore complex-regulates the entry and exit of proteins and RNA's
Nuclear Lamina - CORRECT ANSWER - a netlike array of protein filaments lining the
inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.
-lines the nuclear side of the envelope.
Nuclear Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - A framework of fibers extending throughout the
nuclear interior
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes.
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell
nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
How many chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - humans cell-46
sex cell-23
,Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - the organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized
and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
rRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - The most abundant type of RNA, which together with
proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of
tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
How does nucleus direct protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - by synthesizing
mRNA from the DNA.
then mRNA is transported to cytoplasm via nuclear pores.
once mRNA reaches cytoplasm, ribosomes translate mRNA genetic message into the primary
structure of a specific polypeptide.
Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER - The molecular machine that carries out protein
synthesis; the most complicated aggregation of proteins in a cell, also containing three different
rRNA molecules.
Endomembrane System - CORRECT ANSWER - The collection of membranes inside and
around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of
membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
carrys out synthesis of proteins, trnsport of proteins into membranes and organelles or out of the
cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification of poison.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Internal membrane system that forms a
net-like array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
ER Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - the space inside the ER where proteins are folded,
modified and prepared for transport to other locations in the cell or are tagged for export from
the cell
, Smooth ER Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - Lipid metabolism; Detoxification and
conjugation; Steroid synthesis; Glycogen metabolism; Calcium storage (sarcoplsmic
reticulum)pumps calcium from cytosol to ER lumen; Membrane formation; Protein transport
between RER and Golgi
Rough ER Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane factory for the cell, helps
synthesize proteins
grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids
Golgi Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - A collection of flattened stacks of membranes
in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; function in collection, packaging, and distribution of
molecules synthesized in the cell
2 Sides of Golgi - CORRECT ANSWER - cis and trans
cis is located near ER, transport vesicles move material from the ER to the golgi, a vesicle that
buds with from the ER can add its membrane and the contents of its lumen to the cis face by
fusing with the golgi membrane.
Trans face- gives rise to vesicles that pinch off and travel to other sites.
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - A membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive
enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells
-Catyalyze the rapid breakdown of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbs
-Break down old organelle and recycle their component molecules
-Digestive enzymes in the lysosome are optimally active at an acid pH
Where are hydrolytic enzymes and lysome membranes made? - CORRECT ANSWER -
rough ER, then transfered to golgi.
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Endocytosis of a solid particle; the plasma
membrane folds inward around the particle and engulfs it to form a vacuole
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Common Characteristics of Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - -plasma membrane
-cytosol
-Chromosomes
-Ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum
-nucleus
-golgi apparatus
-mitochondria
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - -genetic material enclosed in
nucleus,
-many membrane bound compartments
- larger
-can be unicellular or multicellular
-DNA is found in nucleus, bounded by double membrane
Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - -no nucleus
-small
-unicellular
-spectacularly diverse
-DNA is found in a region not surrounded by nucleus, nucleoid
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - The material within the cell, excluding the nucleus.
The semi-fluid matrix that fills the interior of every cell and has a high concentration of proteins
and other macromolecules
,Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER - The fluid portion of the cytoplasm; it contains dissolved
organic molecules and ions
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER - A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
What are membranes made out of? - CORRECT ANSWER - a double layer of
phospholipids and other lipids.
embedded in this are diverse proteins.
Nuclear Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - A double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus in the cell
contains pore structures
pore complex-regulates the entry and exit of proteins and RNA's
Nuclear Lamina - CORRECT ANSWER - a netlike array of protein filaments lining the
inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.
-lines the nuclear side of the envelope.
Nuclear Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - A framework of fibers extending throughout the
nuclear interior
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes.
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell
nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
How many chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - humans cell-46
sex cell-23
,Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - the organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized
and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
rRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - The most abundant type of RNA, which together with
proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of
tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
How does nucleus direct protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - by synthesizing
mRNA from the DNA.
then mRNA is transported to cytoplasm via nuclear pores.
once mRNA reaches cytoplasm, ribosomes translate mRNA genetic message into the primary
structure of a specific polypeptide.
Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER - The molecular machine that carries out protein
synthesis; the most complicated aggregation of proteins in a cell, also containing three different
rRNA molecules.
Endomembrane System - CORRECT ANSWER - The collection of membranes inside and
around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of
membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
carrys out synthesis of proteins, trnsport of proteins into membranes and organelles or out of the
cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification of poison.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Internal membrane system that forms a
net-like array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
ER Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - the space inside the ER where proteins are folded,
modified and prepared for transport to other locations in the cell or are tagged for export from
the cell
, Smooth ER Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - Lipid metabolism; Detoxification and
conjugation; Steroid synthesis; Glycogen metabolism; Calcium storage (sarcoplsmic
reticulum)pumps calcium from cytosol to ER lumen; Membrane formation; Protein transport
between RER and Golgi
Rough ER Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane factory for the cell, helps
synthesize proteins
grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids
Golgi Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - A collection of flattened stacks of membranes
in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; function in collection, packaging, and distribution of
molecules synthesized in the cell
2 Sides of Golgi - CORRECT ANSWER - cis and trans
cis is located near ER, transport vesicles move material from the ER to the golgi, a vesicle that
buds with from the ER can add its membrane and the contents of its lumen to the cis face by
fusing with the golgi membrane.
Trans face- gives rise to vesicles that pinch off and travel to other sites.
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - A membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive
enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells
-Catyalyze the rapid breakdown of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbs
-Break down old organelle and recycle their component molecules
-Digestive enzymes in the lysosome are optimally active at an acid pH
Where are hydrolytic enzymes and lysome membranes made? - CORRECT ANSWER -
rough ER, then transfered to golgi.
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Endocytosis of a solid particle; the plasma
membrane folds inward around the particle and engulfs it to form a vacuole
