1|Page
BIOL 320 Exam 1 Study Guide 2025 – Comprehensive
Review, Practice Questions & Answer Key for Cell
and Molecular Biology
Prepare for BIOL 320 Exam 1 with this complete study guide and practice question bank.
Covers key topics in cell biology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and physiology. Includes
exam-style questions, detailed answers, and review materials to help university students
master BIOL 320 concepts and boost their test scores. Perfect for midterm and final review prep
in 2025.
BIOL 320 Exam 1,
BIOL 320 study guide,
BIOL 320 practice exam,
BIOL 320 review questions,
What are receptor dynamics? - ANSWER-how the cell tolerate/adapt for hormonal increase or decrease
If the receptor population inside or at the surface of the cell is ____ then it ___ with the environment
and the ligands and this is under ____ control of the cell. So, the number of receptors can _____ if there
is more hormone (vice versa) - ANSWER-dynamic
Changes
Constant
Increase
Upregulation and downregulation of receptors are examples of receptor ____ - ANSWER-dynamics
____ regulation: cells up regulate receptors in response to reduced hormone concentration in blood. Not
enough hormone - ANSWER-up
,2|Page
____ regulation: not common, hormone binds to receptor to get another hormone bound then destroy
receptors. Too much hormone - ANSWER-down
If a patient suffers from diabetes, they have a deficiency in insulin, type 1, would we inject with insulin?
Is this up or down regulation? - ANSWER-yes
Up
What is the problem with Type 1 diabetes and what is the solution? - ANSWER--reduction of insulin
- inject with insulin
What is the problem with type 2 diabetes and what is the solution? - ANSWER-- shortage of insulin
receptors
- increase receptors
Patient have normal amount of insulin, type 2, do we inject with insulin? Is this up or down regulation? -
ANSWER-no, increase number of receptors
Down
The ____ hormone is any of a class of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland that affect the
secretion of other endocrine glands - ANSWER-tropic
Why might the hormones only affect the pancreas? - ANSWER-due to the specific receptor on the
pancreas
Do we have a hormone that targets many at the same time? - ANSWER-yes, growth hormone during
baby development
The patient is getting a medicine that affects the secretion of adrenaline, they take a medicine that
dilutes the adrenaline produced, how does our body compensate this process to produce the same
effect? - ANSWER-it increases the number of receptors
, 3|Page
The patient is getting medicine that affects the secretion of adrenaline, they take a medicine that
increases the adrenaline produced, how does our body compensate this process to produce the same
affect? - ANSWER-it decreases the number of receptors
What are the 3 factors that affect the hormone action on target cells? - ANSWER-- hormone levels
- number of receptors on target hormone
- affinity of hormone for receptors
What is hormone specificity? - ANSWER-how many target cells for a specific hormone
What is synergistic hormone interaction? - ANSWER-hormones work together to produce greater effect
What is permissive hormone interaction: - ANSWER-1st hormone allows action of 2nd hormone
What is antagonistic hormone interaction? - ANSWER-one hormone causes opposite effects of another
What are the mechanisms of action of hormones on target cells? - ANSWER-- after plasma membrane
permeability
- stimulate protein synthesis
-activate/deactivate enzymes
- induce secretory activity
- stimulate mitotic activity
Peptide hormone facts - ANSWER-- soluble
- cannot pass through phospholipid bilayer
- must bind to protein receptors on membrane
- cell signaling
BIOL 320 Exam 1 Study Guide 2025 – Comprehensive
Review, Practice Questions & Answer Key for Cell
and Molecular Biology
Prepare for BIOL 320 Exam 1 with this complete study guide and practice question bank.
Covers key topics in cell biology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and physiology. Includes
exam-style questions, detailed answers, and review materials to help university students
master BIOL 320 concepts and boost their test scores. Perfect for midterm and final review prep
in 2025.
BIOL 320 Exam 1,
BIOL 320 study guide,
BIOL 320 practice exam,
BIOL 320 review questions,
What are receptor dynamics? - ANSWER-how the cell tolerate/adapt for hormonal increase or decrease
If the receptor population inside or at the surface of the cell is ____ then it ___ with the environment
and the ligands and this is under ____ control of the cell. So, the number of receptors can _____ if there
is more hormone (vice versa) - ANSWER-dynamic
Changes
Constant
Increase
Upregulation and downregulation of receptors are examples of receptor ____ - ANSWER-dynamics
____ regulation: cells up regulate receptors in response to reduced hormone concentration in blood. Not
enough hormone - ANSWER-up
,2|Page
____ regulation: not common, hormone binds to receptor to get another hormone bound then destroy
receptors. Too much hormone - ANSWER-down
If a patient suffers from diabetes, they have a deficiency in insulin, type 1, would we inject with insulin?
Is this up or down regulation? - ANSWER-yes
Up
What is the problem with Type 1 diabetes and what is the solution? - ANSWER--reduction of insulin
- inject with insulin
What is the problem with type 2 diabetes and what is the solution? - ANSWER-- shortage of insulin
receptors
- increase receptors
Patient have normal amount of insulin, type 2, do we inject with insulin? Is this up or down regulation? -
ANSWER-no, increase number of receptors
Down
The ____ hormone is any of a class of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland that affect the
secretion of other endocrine glands - ANSWER-tropic
Why might the hormones only affect the pancreas? - ANSWER-due to the specific receptor on the
pancreas
Do we have a hormone that targets many at the same time? - ANSWER-yes, growth hormone during
baby development
The patient is getting a medicine that affects the secretion of adrenaline, they take a medicine that
dilutes the adrenaline produced, how does our body compensate this process to produce the same
effect? - ANSWER-it increases the number of receptors
, 3|Page
The patient is getting medicine that affects the secretion of adrenaline, they take a medicine that
increases the adrenaline produced, how does our body compensate this process to produce the same
affect? - ANSWER-it decreases the number of receptors
What are the 3 factors that affect the hormone action on target cells? - ANSWER-- hormone levels
- number of receptors on target hormone
- affinity of hormone for receptors
What is hormone specificity? - ANSWER-how many target cells for a specific hormone
What is synergistic hormone interaction? - ANSWER-hormones work together to produce greater effect
What is permissive hormone interaction: - ANSWER-1st hormone allows action of 2nd hormone
What is antagonistic hormone interaction? - ANSWER-one hormone causes opposite effects of another
What are the mechanisms of action of hormones on target cells? - ANSWER-- after plasma membrane
permeability
- stimulate protein synthesis
-activate/deactivate enzymes
- induce secretory activity
- stimulate mitotic activity
Peptide hormone facts - ANSWER-- soluble
- cannot pass through phospholipid bilayer
- must bind to protein receptors on membrane
- cell signaling
