KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Ergogenic aid - (ANSWER)Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Human growth hormone, Blood doping, Platelet
rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Drugs, nutrition, equipment, and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - (ANSWER)Basically this cold sauna that athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - (ANSWER)To perform faster or recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Safe, Legal, Ethical, Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - (ANSWER)Looked at cryosauna and maximal voluntary
isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - (ANSWER)Conclusion from 8 studies: The current evidence for the
efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? - (ANSWER)Conclusion from 4 best studies: The evidence does not
support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - (ANSWER)Mo Farah and Galen Rupp
,KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - (ANSWER)Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Non-Scientific Ways of
Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - (ANSWER)Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - (ANSWER)He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat schizophrenia. He
claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - (ANSWER)Looked at lobotomy and discovered that it does not treat
anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)It
is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically opinions of experts. He was
a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? - (ANSWER)Tom Brady stating that the chiropractor keeps him one
step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? - (ANSWER)Conclusion based on evidence: There is insufficient
evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
, KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Describe - Observed case
or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Predict - Correlational
studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Explain - Experiments - Can
rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the magnitude an effect,
quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Accumulate
the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that systematically summarizes all
the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - (ANSWER)Studying the flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - (ANSWER)They investigated the optimal psychological
state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
What do elite athletes say about the psychological states that contribute to peak performance? -
(ANSWER)Self-regulation, emotion control, hyper-focus, and single-minded immersion are useful
Ergogenic aid - (ANSWER)Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Human growth hormone, Blood doping, Platelet
rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Drugs, nutrition, equipment, and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - (ANSWER)Basically this cold sauna that athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - (ANSWER)To perform faster or recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - (ANSWER)Safe, Legal, Ethical, Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - (ANSWER)Looked at cryosauna and maximal voluntary
isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - (ANSWER)Conclusion from 8 studies: The current evidence for the
efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? - (ANSWER)Conclusion from 4 best studies: The evidence does not
support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - (ANSWER)Mo Farah and Galen Rupp
,KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - (ANSWER)Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Non-Scientific Ways of
Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - (ANSWER)Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - (ANSWER)He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat schizophrenia. He
claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - (ANSWER)Looked at lobotomy and discovered that it does not treat
anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)It
is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically opinions of experts. He was
a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? - (ANSWER)Tom Brady stating that the chiropractor keeps him one
step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? - (ANSWER)Conclusion based on evidence: There is insufficient
evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
, KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Describe - Observed case
or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Predict - Correlational
studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Explain - Experiments - Can
rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the magnitude an effect,
quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - (ANSWER)Accumulate
the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that systematically summarizes all
the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - (ANSWER)Studying the flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - (ANSWER)They investigated the optimal psychological
state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
What do elite athletes say about the psychological states that contribute to peak performance? -
(ANSWER)Self-regulation, emotion control, hyper-focus, and single-minded immersion are useful
