KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Ergogenic aid Answer - Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic
performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? Answer - Human growth hormone,
Blood doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? Answer - Drugs, nutrition,
equipment, and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? Answer - Basically this cold sauna that
athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? Answer - To perform faster
or recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? Answer - Safe, Legal,
Ethical, Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? Answer - Looked at cryosauna and
maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
,Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary
isometric contraction or peak power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? Answer - Conclusion from 8 studies: The
current evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? Answer - Conclusion from 4 best studies:
The evidence does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or
improve subjective recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? Answer - Mo
Farah and Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? Answer - Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer - Non-
Scientific Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? Answer - Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? Answer - He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
, Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? Answer - Looked at lobotomy and
discovered that it does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing
effectiveness? Answer - It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing
effectiveness, specifically opinions of experts. He was a neurologist and people
believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? Answer - Tom Brady stating that the
chiropractor keeps him one step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? Answer - Conclusion based on
evidence: There is insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves
sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer - 1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer -
Describe - Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
SOLUTIONS.
Ergogenic aid Answer - Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic
performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? Answer - Human growth hormone,
Blood doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? Answer - Drugs, nutrition,
equipment, and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? Answer - Basically this cold sauna that
athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? Answer - To perform faster
or recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? Answer - Safe, Legal,
Ethical, Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? Answer - Looked at cryosauna and
maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
,Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary
isometric contraction or peak power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? Answer - Conclusion from 8 studies: The
current evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? Answer - Conclusion from 4 best studies:
The evidence does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or
improve subjective recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? Answer - Mo
Farah and Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? Answer - Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer - Non-
Scientific Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? Answer - Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? Answer - He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
, Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? Answer - Looked at lobotomy and
discovered that it does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing
effectiveness? Answer - It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing
effectiveness, specifically opinions of experts. He was a neurologist and people
believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? Answer - Tom Brady stating that the
chiropractor keeps him one step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? Answer - Conclusion based on
evidence: There is insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves
sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer - 1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? Answer -
Describe - Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
