NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Protein Structure - (ANSWER)long chains of subunits seen as a 3- dimensional structure
Basic unit of a protein - (ANSWER)amino acid
Amino acid structure - (ANSWER)amine group
-always contains Nitrogen
carbon skeleton
-backbone
acid group
The r-group
The r-group (side chain) - (ANSWER)-differentiates one amino acid from another
-determines the structure
-determines function of the amino acid
Peptide bond - (ANSWER)1. links together two amino acids
2. needs to be broken during digestion
Dipeptides - (ANSWER)two amino acids
Polypeptide - (ANSWER)Many amino acids
amino acid sequence - (ANSWER)The structure and function of proteins are determined by their
,NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Where is the proteins amino acid sequence encoded? - (ANSWER)In the cellular DNA
RNA - (ANSWER)DNA transcribed into
RNA - (ANSWER)-Acts as a messenger
-carries genetic information from DNA to site of protein synthesis
Protein - (ANSWER)RNA translated into ______ and puts the amino acids in the correct order
Essential nutrient - (ANSWER)Protein is a(n)...
Essential amino acids - (ANSWER)Cannot be made by the body
Must be included in the diet to maintain optimal protein status
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 9
Non-essential amino acids - (ANSWER)The body can make them from other substances in the diet
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
,NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
There are 11
Functions of proteins - (ANSWER)1. Structural
2. Growth
3. Maintenance and repair of body tissues
4. Energy
5. Hormone production
6. Blood proteins
7. Enzymes
8. Immune function
Hormone production includes - (ANSWER)Insulin
Glucagon
CCK
Secretin
Blood proteins - (ANSWER)a. Regulation of fluid balance (Prevents edema - swelling of the tissues)
b. Maintenance of acid-base balance
c. Involved in blood clotting - Fibrin
d. Delivery of oxygen to tissues
e. Transport proteins
, NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzymes - (ANSWER)Speed up and control chemical reactions
1) Digestion
2) Absorption
3) Metabolism
Denaturation - (ANSWER)results in a loss of protein function and exposure of peptide bonds for
digestion
During digestion - (ANSWER)protein in food is broken down into the individual amino acids
Mouth - (ANSWER)grinding and mixing of food
Stomach - (ANSWER)1) Protein with 3D structure denatured (exposes bonds) with acid
2) Acid breaks some bonds
3) Pepsin (an enzyme) breaks more bonds
Pancreas - (ANSWER)Enzymes secreted into small intestine for protein digestion
Small intestine (digestion) - (ANSWER)Proteins and Polypeptides digested by pancreatic enzymes
Small peptides broken into dipeptides and amino acids by intestinal enzymes
Amino acids or dipeptides - (ANSWER)In the adult, essentially all protein must be absorbed as...
Protein Structure - (ANSWER)long chains of subunits seen as a 3- dimensional structure
Basic unit of a protein - (ANSWER)amino acid
Amino acid structure - (ANSWER)amine group
-always contains Nitrogen
carbon skeleton
-backbone
acid group
The r-group
The r-group (side chain) - (ANSWER)-differentiates one amino acid from another
-determines the structure
-determines function of the amino acid
Peptide bond - (ANSWER)1. links together two amino acids
2. needs to be broken during digestion
Dipeptides - (ANSWER)two amino acids
Polypeptide - (ANSWER)Many amino acids
amino acid sequence - (ANSWER)The structure and function of proteins are determined by their
,NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Where is the proteins amino acid sequence encoded? - (ANSWER)In the cellular DNA
RNA - (ANSWER)DNA transcribed into
RNA - (ANSWER)-Acts as a messenger
-carries genetic information from DNA to site of protein synthesis
Protein - (ANSWER)RNA translated into ______ and puts the amino acids in the correct order
Essential nutrient - (ANSWER)Protein is a(n)...
Essential amino acids - (ANSWER)Cannot be made by the body
Must be included in the diet to maintain optimal protein status
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 9
Non-essential amino acids - (ANSWER)The body can make them from other substances in the diet
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
,NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
There are 11
Functions of proteins - (ANSWER)1. Structural
2. Growth
3. Maintenance and repair of body tissues
4. Energy
5. Hormone production
6. Blood proteins
7. Enzymes
8. Immune function
Hormone production includes - (ANSWER)Insulin
Glucagon
CCK
Secretin
Blood proteins - (ANSWER)a. Regulation of fluid balance (Prevents edema - swelling of the tissues)
b. Maintenance of acid-base balance
c. Involved in blood clotting - Fibrin
d. Delivery of oxygen to tissues
e. Transport proteins
, NTR 108: EXAM 2 (UB) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzymes - (ANSWER)Speed up and control chemical reactions
1) Digestion
2) Absorption
3) Metabolism
Denaturation - (ANSWER)results in a loss of protein function and exposure of peptide bonds for
digestion
During digestion - (ANSWER)protein in food is broken down into the individual amino acids
Mouth - (ANSWER)grinding and mixing of food
Stomach - (ANSWER)1) Protein with 3D structure denatured (exposes bonds) with acid
2) Acid breaks some bonds
3) Pepsin (an enzyme) breaks more bonds
Pancreas - (ANSWER)Enzymes secreted into small intestine for protein digestion
Small intestine (digestion) - (ANSWER)Proteins and Polypeptides digested by pancreatic enzymes
Small peptides broken into dipeptides and amino acids by intestinal enzymes
Amino acids or dipeptides - (ANSWER)In the adult, essentially all protein must be absorbed as...
