NUR 4128 – Evidence-Based Nursing
Practice Exam | 2025/2026 Verified
Questions and Answers
1. What is the primary purpose of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing? A. To reduce
healthcare costs B. To integrate best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values C. To standardize all nursing procedures D. To replace clinical judgment
Answer: B Rationale: EBP is defined by Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt as the
conscientious integration of best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
2. Which EBP model uses the acronym PICOT for question formulation? Answer: Melnyk
& Fineout-Overholt (2018) EBP Model Rationale: PICOT (Population, Intervention,
Comparison, Outcome, Time) is central to this model.
3. In the Johns Hopkins EBP Model, what are the three main components? Answer:
Practice question, Evidence, Translation (PET) Rationale: The model is structured
around these three domains.
4. Which level of evidence has the highest quality? A. Expert opinion B. Systematic
reviews of RCTs C. Cohort studies D. Case reports Answer: B Rationale: Level I
evidence = systematic reviews/meta-analyses of RCTs (Melnyk hierarchy).
5. A study randomizes patients to receive either a new wound dressing or standard care.
This is an example of: Answer: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Rationale:
Randomization + control group = gold standard experimental design.
6. What does the “R” stand for in the SPIDER tool for qualitative research questions?
Answer: Research type (phenomenon of Interest) Rationale: SPIDER = Sample,
Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type.
7. Which statistical test is used to compare means between three or more independent
groups? Answer: One-way ANOVA Rationale: ANOVA tests for differences across
multiple groups.
8. A p-value of 0.03 means: A. 3% chance the null hypothesis is true B. 3% probability that
results occurred by chance if null is true C. 97% confidence the intervention works D.
The study has 97% power Answer: B Rationale: p < 0.05 indicates statistical
significance (usually).
9. In a study, the 95% confidence interval for an odds ratio is 1.2–3.8. This means:
Answer: The result is statistically significant and the intervention increases odds
Rationale: CI does not include 1.0 → statistically significant.
10.What type of bias occurs when participants lost to follow-up differ systematically from
those who remain? Answer: Attrition bias Rationale: Common in longitudinal studies;
threatens internal validity.
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Practice Exam | 2025/2026 Verified
Questions and Answers
1. What is the primary purpose of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing? A. To reduce
healthcare costs B. To integrate best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values C. To standardize all nursing procedures D. To replace clinical judgment
Answer: B Rationale: EBP is defined by Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt as the
conscientious integration of best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
2. Which EBP model uses the acronym PICOT for question formulation? Answer: Melnyk
& Fineout-Overholt (2018) EBP Model Rationale: PICOT (Population, Intervention,
Comparison, Outcome, Time) is central to this model.
3. In the Johns Hopkins EBP Model, what are the three main components? Answer:
Practice question, Evidence, Translation (PET) Rationale: The model is structured
around these three domains.
4. Which level of evidence has the highest quality? A. Expert opinion B. Systematic
reviews of RCTs C. Cohort studies D. Case reports Answer: B Rationale: Level I
evidence = systematic reviews/meta-analyses of RCTs (Melnyk hierarchy).
5. A study randomizes patients to receive either a new wound dressing or standard care.
This is an example of: Answer: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Rationale:
Randomization + control group = gold standard experimental design.
6. What does the “R” stand for in the SPIDER tool for qualitative research questions?
Answer: Research type (phenomenon of Interest) Rationale: SPIDER = Sample,
Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type.
7. Which statistical test is used to compare means between three or more independent
groups? Answer: One-way ANOVA Rationale: ANOVA tests for differences across
multiple groups.
8. A p-value of 0.03 means: A. 3% chance the null hypothesis is true B. 3% probability that
results occurred by chance if null is true C. 97% confidence the intervention works D.
The study has 97% power Answer: B Rationale: p < 0.05 indicates statistical
significance (usually).
9. In a study, the 95% confidence interval for an odds ratio is 1.2–3.8. This means:
Answer: The result is statistically significant and the intervention increases odds
Rationale: CI does not include 1.0 → statistically significant.
10.What type of bias occurs when participants lost to follow-up differ systematically from
those who remain? Answer: Attrition bias Rationale: Common in longitudinal studies;
threatens internal validity.
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