DIABETES REVIEW BUNDLED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
BY EXPERT (100% SATISFACTION
GUARANTEE)GRADED A+\NEW
UPDATE 2025
A client with diabetes mellitus must learn how to self-administer insulin. The physician has ordered 10
units of U-100 regular insulin and 35 units of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken
before breakfast. When teaching the client how to select and rotate insulin injection sites, the nurse
should provide which instruction?
A. "Inject insulin into healthy tissue with large blood vessels and nerves."
B. "Administer insulin into sites above muscles that you plan to exercise heavily later that day."
C. "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions."
D. "Administer insulin into areas of scar tissue or hypertrophy whenever possible."
C. "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions."
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to rotate injection sites within the same anatomic
region. Rotating sites among different regions may cause excessive day-to-day variations in the blood
glucose level; also, insulin absorption differs from one region to the next. Insulin should be injected
only into healthy tissue lacking large blood vessels, nerves, or scar tissue or other deviations. Injecting
insulin into areas of hypertrophy may delay absorption. The client shouldn't inject insulin into areas of
lipodystrophy (such as hypertrophy or atrophy); to prevent lipodystrophy, the client should rotate
injection sites systematically. Exercise speeds drug absorption, so the client shouldn't inject insulin
into sites above muscles that will be exercised heavily.
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse reviews the client's
glycosylated hemoglobin test results. Which result would indicate to the nurse that the client's blood
glucose level has been well controlled?
A. 8.0%
B. 8.5%
C. 6.5%
D. 7.5%
C. 6.5%
,Rationale: Normally, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7%. Thus, a level of 6.5% would
indicate that the client's blood glucose level is well controlled. According to the American Diabetes
Association, a glycosylated hemoglobin of 7% is equivalent to an average blood glucose level of 150
mg/dl. Thus, a level of 7.5% would indicate less control. Amount of 8% or greater indicate that control
of the client's blood glucose level has been inadequate during the previous 2 to 3 months.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has an unusual increase in blood glucose from bedtime
to morning. The physician suspects the client is experiencing insulin waning. Based on this diagnosis,
the nurse expects which change to the client's medication regimen?
A. Increasing morning dose of long-acting insulin
B. Changing the time of evening injection of intermediate-acting insulin from dinnertime to bedtime
C. Decreasing evening bedtime dose of intermediate-acting insulin and administering a bedtime snack
D. Administering a dose of intermediate-acting insulin before the evening meal
D. Administering a dose of intermediate-acting insulin before the evening meal
Rationale: Insulin waning is a progressive rise in blood glucose form bedtime to morning. Treatment
includes increasing the evening (before dinner or bedtime) dose of intermediate-acting or long-acting
insulin or instituting a dose of insulin before the evening meal if that is not already part of the
treatment regimen.
A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 units of U-100 regular insulin and 25 units of U-
100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client
experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. What is the most probable cause of
these signs and symptoms?
A. Serum glucose level of 450 mg/dl
B. Serum calcium level of 8.9 mg/dl
C. Serum glucose level of 52 mg/dl
D. Serum calcium level of 10.2 mg/dl
C. Serum glucose level of 52 mg/dl
Rationale: Headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness typically result from hypoglycemia,
an insulin reaction in which serum glucose level drops below 70 mg/dl. Hypoglycemia may occur 4 to
18 hours after administration of isophane insulin suspension or insulin zinc suspension (Lente), which
are intermediate-acting insulins. Although hypoglycemia may occur at any time, it usually precedes
meals. Hyperglycemia, in which serum glucose level is above 180 mg/dl, causes such early
manifestations as fatigue, malaise, drowsiness, polyuria, and polydipsia. A serum calcium level of 8.9
mg/dl or 10.2 mg/dl is within normal range and wouldn't cause the client's symptoms.
The nurse instructs the client with diabetes on self-care during days of illness. Which client statement
indicates that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.
A. “I will increase my intake of fluids.”
,B. “I will skip my diabetes medication for the day.”
C. “I will test my blood sugar level every 3 to 4 hours.”
D. “I will call the doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea.”
E. “I will eat soft foods if I cannot tolerate regular food.”
A. “I will increase my intake of fluids.”
C. “I will test my blood sugar level every 3 to 4 hours.”
D. “I will call the doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea.”
E. “I will eat soft foods if I cannot tolerate regular food.”
Rationale: During periods of illness, the client with diabetes should be instructed to increase the intake
of fluids to prevent dehydration. The blood glucose level should be checked every 3 to 4 hours. The
health care provider should be contacted if vomiting or diarrhea occurs as extreme fluid loss may cause
dehydration. Soft foods should be substituted for regularly ingested foods if the regular meal plan
cannot be followed. The client should be instructed to take regular diabetes medication as prescribed.
The nurse is preparing an educational session about foot care for clients with diabetes. Which
information will the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.
A. Wear binding compression socks daily.
B. Shave any calluses with a disposable razor.
C. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing.
D. Check the inside of shoes before putting them on.
E. Check the bottom of the feet with a mirror every day.
D. Check the inside of shoes before putting them on.
E. Check the bottom of the feet with a mirror every day.
Rationale: The client with diabetes needs to be instructed on foot care in order to prevent the
development of wounds. Information about foot care includes checking the inside of shoes before
putting them on to ensure that there is nothing inside the shoe. The bottom of the feet should be
checked every day and a mirror helps to visualize the bottom of the feet. The client should never go
barefoot. Wearing binding compression socks would constrict the feet. The client with diabetes should
wear well-fitted shoes. Calluses are not to be shaved as this could cause a wound. A podiatrist should be
consulted for any calluses on the feet. Lotion is not to be applied between the toes after bathing since it
can promote fungal growth due to moisture.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.
A. Hypertension
B. Obesity
C. Family history
D. Age greater of 45 years or older
E. History of gestational diabetes
A. Hypertension
, B. Obesity
C. Family history
D. Age greater of 45 years or older
E. History of gestational diabetes
Rationale: Risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus include hypertension, obesity, family
history, age of 45 years or older, and a history of gestational diabetes.
A nurse is educating a client about the benefits of fruit versus fruit juice in the diabetic diet. The client
states, "What difference does it make if you drink the juice or eat the fruit? It is all the same." What
are the best responses by the nurse? Select all that apply.
A. "Eating the fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index by slowing absorption."
B. "Eating the fruit is more satisfying than drinking the juice. You will get full faster."
C. "Eating the fruit will give you more vitamins and minerals than the juice will."
D. "Eating the fruit will lead to hyperglycemia and the fruit juice will not lead to hyperglycemia."
E. "The fruit has less sugar than the juice."
A. “Eating the fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index by slowing absorption.”
E. “The fruit has less sugar than the juice.”
Rationale: Eating whole fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index, because fiber in the
fruit slows absorption. A serving of juice has more sugar than a serving of fruit. Whether a fruit is more
satisfying and has more vitamins and minerals than the fruit's juice are dependent on the types of fruit
and juices. Eating fruit does not lead to hyperglycemia.
The nurse is taking the history of a client with diabetes who is experiencing autonomic neuropathy.
Which would the nurse expect the client to report?
A. Skeletal deformities
B. Paresthesias
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Soft tissue ulceration
C. Erectile dysfunction
Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy affects organ functioning. According the American Diabetes
Association, up to 50% of men with diabetes develop erectile dysfunction when nerves that promote
erection become impaired. Skeletal deformities and soft tissue ulcers may occur with motor neuropathy.
Paresthesias are associated with sensory neuropathy.
Health teaching for a patient with diabetes who is prescribed Humulin N, an intermediate NPH insulin,
would include which of the following advice?
A. "Your insulin will begin to act in 15 minutes."
B. "You should expect your insulin to reach its peak effectiveness by 12 noon if you take it at 8:00
AM."
C. "You should take your insulin after you eat breakfast and dinner."
D. "Your insulin will last 8 hours, and you will need to take it three times a day."
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
BY EXPERT (100% SATISFACTION
GUARANTEE)GRADED A+\NEW
UPDATE 2025
A client with diabetes mellitus must learn how to self-administer insulin. The physician has ordered 10
units of U-100 regular insulin and 35 units of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken
before breakfast. When teaching the client how to select and rotate insulin injection sites, the nurse
should provide which instruction?
A. "Inject insulin into healthy tissue with large blood vessels and nerves."
B. "Administer insulin into sites above muscles that you plan to exercise heavily later that day."
C. "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions."
D. "Administer insulin into areas of scar tissue or hypertrophy whenever possible."
C. "Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions."
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to rotate injection sites within the same anatomic
region. Rotating sites among different regions may cause excessive day-to-day variations in the blood
glucose level; also, insulin absorption differs from one region to the next. Insulin should be injected
only into healthy tissue lacking large blood vessels, nerves, or scar tissue or other deviations. Injecting
insulin into areas of hypertrophy may delay absorption. The client shouldn't inject insulin into areas of
lipodystrophy (such as hypertrophy or atrophy); to prevent lipodystrophy, the client should rotate
injection sites systematically. Exercise speeds drug absorption, so the client shouldn't inject insulin
into sites above muscles that will be exercised heavily.
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse reviews the client's
glycosylated hemoglobin test results. Which result would indicate to the nurse that the client's blood
glucose level has been well controlled?
A. 8.0%
B. 8.5%
C. 6.5%
D. 7.5%
C. 6.5%
,Rationale: Normally, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7%. Thus, a level of 6.5% would
indicate that the client's blood glucose level is well controlled. According to the American Diabetes
Association, a glycosylated hemoglobin of 7% is equivalent to an average blood glucose level of 150
mg/dl. Thus, a level of 7.5% would indicate less control. Amount of 8% or greater indicate that control
of the client's blood glucose level has been inadequate during the previous 2 to 3 months.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has an unusual increase in blood glucose from bedtime
to morning. The physician suspects the client is experiencing insulin waning. Based on this diagnosis,
the nurse expects which change to the client's medication regimen?
A. Increasing morning dose of long-acting insulin
B. Changing the time of evening injection of intermediate-acting insulin from dinnertime to bedtime
C. Decreasing evening bedtime dose of intermediate-acting insulin and administering a bedtime snack
D. Administering a dose of intermediate-acting insulin before the evening meal
D. Administering a dose of intermediate-acting insulin before the evening meal
Rationale: Insulin waning is a progressive rise in blood glucose form bedtime to morning. Treatment
includes increasing the evening (before dinner or bedtime) dose of intermediate-acting or long-acting
insulin or instituting a dose of insulin before the evening meal if that is not already part of the
treatment regimen.
A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 units of U-100 regular insulin and 25 units of U-
100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client
experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. What is the most probable cause of
these signs and symptoms?
A. Serum glucose level of 450 mg/dl
B. Serum calcium level of 8.9 mg/dl
C. Serum glucose level of 52 mg/dl
D. Serum calcium level of 10.2 mg/dl
C. Serum glucose level of 52 mg/dl
Rationale: Headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness typically result from hypoglycemia,
an insulin reaction in which serum glucose level drops below 70 mg/dl. Hypoglycemia may occur 4 to
18 hours after administration of isophane insulin suspension or insulin zinc suspension (Lente), which
are intermediate-acting insulins. Although hypoglycemia may occur at any time, it usually precedes
meals. Hyperglycemia, in which serum glucose level is above 180 mg/dl, causes such early
manifestations as fatigue, malaise, drowsiness, polyuria, and polydipsia. A serum calcium level of 8.9
mg/dl or 10.2 mg/dl is within normal range and wouldn't cause the client's symptoms.
The nurse instructs the client with diabetes on self-care during days of illness. Which client statement
indicates that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.
A. “I will increase my intake of fluids.”
,B. “I will skip my diabetes medication for the day.”
C. “I will test my blood sugar level every 3 to 4 hours.”
D. “I will call the doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea.”
E. “I will eat soft foods if I cannot tolerate regular food.”
A. “I will increase my intake of fluids.”
C. “I will test my blood sugar level every 3 to 4 hours.”
D. “I will call the doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea.”
E. “I will eat soft foods if I cannot tolerate regular food.”
Rationale: During periods of illness, the client with diabetes should be instructed to increase the intake
of fluids to prevent dehydration. The blood glucose level should be checked every 3 to 4 hours. The
health care provider should be contacted if vomiting or diarrhea occurs as extreme fluid loss may cause
dehydration. Soft foods should be substituted for regularly ingested foods if the regular meal plan
cannot be followed. The client should be instructed to take regular diabetes medication as prescribed.
The nurse is preparing an educational session about foot care for clients with diabetes. Which
information will the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.
A. Wear binding compression socks daily.
B. Shave any calluses with a disposable razor.
C. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing.
D. Check the inside of shoes before putting them on.
E. Check the bottom of the feet with a mirror every day.
D. Check the inside of shoes before putting them on.
E. Check the bottom of the feet with a mirror every day.
Rationale: The client with diabetes needs to be instructed on foot care in order to prevent the
development of wounds. Information about foot care includes checking the inside of shoes before
putting them on to ensure that there is nothing inside the shoe. The bottom of the feet should be
checked every day and a mirror helps to visualize the bottom of the feet. The client should never go
barefoot. Wearing binding compression socks would constrict the feet. The client with diabetes should
wear well-fitted shoes. Calluses are not to be shaved as this could cause a wound. A podiatrist should be
consulted for any calluses on the feet. Lotion is not to be applied between the toes after bathing since it
can promote fungal growth due to moisture.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.
A. Hypertension
B. Obesity
C. Family history
D. Age greater of 45 years or older
E. History of gestational diabetes
A. Hypertension
, B. Obesity
C. Family history
D. Age greater of 45 years or older
E. History of gestational diabetes
Rationale: Risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus include hypertension, obesity, family
history, age of 45 years or older, and a history of gestational diabetes.
A nurse is educating a client about the benefits of fruit versus fruit juice in the diabetic diet. The client
states, "What difference does it make if you drink the juice or eat the fruit? It is all the same." What
are the best responses by the nurse? Select all that apply.
A. "Eating the fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index by slowing absorption."
B. "Eating the fruit is more satisfying than drinking the juice. You will get full faster."
C. "Eating the fruit will give you more vitamins and minerals than the juice will."
D. "Eating the fruit will lead to hyperglycemia and the fruit juice will not lead to hyperglycemia."
E. "The fruit has less sugar than the juice."
A. “Eating the fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index by slowing absorption.”
E. “The fruit has less sugar than the juice.”
Rationale: Eating whole fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index, because fiber in the
fruit slows absorption. A serving of juice has more sugar than a serving of fruit. Whether a fruit is more
satisfying and has more vitamins and minerals than the fruit's juice are dependent on the types of fruit
and juices. Eating fruit does not lead to hyperglycemia.
The nurse is taking the history of a client with diabetes who is experiencing autonomic neuropathy.
Which would the nurse expect the client to report?
A. Skeletal deformities
B. Paresthesias
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Soft tissue ulceration
C. Erectile dysfunction
Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy affects organ functioning. According the American Diabetes
Association, up to 50% of men with diabetes develop erectile dysfunction when nerves that promote
erection become impaired. Skeletal deformities and soft tissue ulcers may occur with motor neuropathy.
Paresthesias are associated with sensory neuropathy.
Health teaching for a patient with diabetes who is prescribed Humulin N, an intermediate NPH insulin,
would include which of the following advice?
A. "Your insulin will begin to act in 15 minutes."
B. "You should expect your insulin to reach its peak effectiveness by 12 noon if you take it at 8:00
AM."
C. "You should take your insulin after you eat breakfast and dinner."
D. "Your insulin will last 8 hours, and you will need to take it three times a day."
